No matter which positions you take on the issues of Title IX, you must agree that its effects have been profound. Some good things have come from Title IX, some bad, some indifferent, but regardless of how you feel about what the act has done, it can not be argued that it has not made a substantial change in our society and how we view the education of females. The mere idea that sports have become the number one litigated issue of Title IX shows how much our society focuses on leisure activities and how much more it could focus on academic education. After all, if these students were not fighting for athletic scholarships, but instead were fighting for academic scholarships, wouldn’t the arguments be totally different? In time the issues surrounding Title IX, as well as the actual act itself have changed, and they will continue to change in the future. Until society has zero discrimination, regardless of age, sex, race, or disability, the courts will have issues such as Title IX to contend with. One can only hope that the future looks brighter than the past, and hope to attribute it to acts such as Title IX.
1. http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/history.html
2. http://www.nrc.gov/NRC/CFR/FR/20000830/august30.html
3. 20 U.S.C. ? 1681(a).
4. Othen v. Ann Arbor School Board, 507 F. Supp. 1376 (E.D. Mich. 1981)
5. Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics: Current Judicial Interpretations of the Standard for Compliance, 74 B.U. L. Rev. 553, 561 (1994)
6. Grove City v. Bell, 465 U.S. 455 (1984)
7. S. Rep. No. 64, 100th Cong., 1st Sess. 4 (1987), reprinted in 1988 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3, 6
8. Cohen v. Brown University, 991 F.2d at 894
9. Franklin vs. Gwinnett County Public Schools, 501 U.S. 1204 (1991),
10. 34 C.F.R. ?? 106.37, 106.41 (1995).
11. 34 C.F.R. ? 106.41(c) (1995).
12. ? 106.41(c)(1)-(10) (1995).
13. 44 Fed. Reg. 71,413, 71,413 (1979).
14. 44 Fed. Reg. 71,413, 71,414 (1979).
15. 44 Fed. Reg. 71,413, 71,417 (1979).
16. Diana Heckman, Women and Athletics: A Twenty Year Retrospective on Title IX,
9 U. Miami Ent. & Sports L. Rev. 1, 47-59 (1992)
17. 44 Fed. Reg. 71,413, 71,418 (1979).
18. Communities for Equity v. Michigan High School Athletic Association, 80 F.Supp.2d
729, 141 Ed. Law Rep. 646 W.D.Mich
19. O’Connor v. Board of Education of School District Number 23, 545 F. Supp. 376 (N.D. Ill.) 1982
20. Israel v. Secondary Schools Activities ,388 S.E.2d 480, (W. VA. 1985)
21. http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/present.html
22. http://daily.stanford.org/Daily96-97/5-14-97/SPORTS/SPObobby14.html
23. http://www.spintechmag.com/0001/rr0100.htm