Pronunciation and Spelling in English (стр. 8 из 10)

Ex. 9.9 Sort out the words into columns according to the reading of consonant clusters.

Machinery, scheme, scythe, child, Thames, weather, chef, Christmas, Thompson, chick, than, chic, chord, chalice, cliché, Chaos, neither, thyme, thrift, cheek, though, thorn, thaw, thief.

Ex. 9.10 Find a way from start to finish. You may pass a square only if the word in it has the sound [θ]. You can move horizontally of vertically.

Start

north	northern	either	weather	breathe	those
south	bath	bathe	thought	breath	youth
southern	third	their	through	though	thumb
Thailand	cloth	path	fifth	with	worth
month	clothes	these	brother	that	teeth
throw	thing	author	other	they	wealth

Finish

Ex. 9.11 Complete this rhyme using words from the box. Then listen and check (

, track 13)

Earth

another

Heather

together

brother

birth

neither

either

mothers

brothers

Arthur had a brother

And he didn’t want another.

And of the brothers, ______

Wanted sisters _____ .

The last thing on this_____

They wanted was a _____.

So Arthur’s mother _____

Got them both _____,

And told them all good _____

Should learn to share their _____.

Ex. 9.12 Listen and circle the word you hear(

, track 14)

1. Youth or use? There’s no youth\use talking about that.

2. Thought or taught? I don’t know what she thought\taught.

3. Free or three? Free\Three refills with each packet!

4. Closed or clothed? They weren’t fully closed\clothed.

5. Breeding or breathing? They’ve stopped breeding\breathing.

6. These are or visa? These are\Visa problems we can deal with later.

Ex. 9.13 Practice reading the following words observing the rules of reading of consonant clusters:

a) Sheep, fish, Lewisham, mishap, ghost, rough, high, eight, daughter, Ghana, ghastly, ghee, gherkin, ghetto, ghillie, ghoul, Ghana, ghee, gharry, ghoulish, shoulder, shovel, show off, shrewd, shrink, Zhirinovsky, Zhukov, Zhivago, Zhejiang, Zhang, Zhuhai, photograph, shepherd, Stephen, Clapham, nephew, cheap, chair, charm, scheme, school, ache, cholesterol, chemistry, machinery, clef, sandwich, Charles, charter, charka, charivari, chateau, chauffeur, cheekbone, Chaucer, chauvinism, Chihuahua, chloral, choir, cholera, cholinesterase, pharmacology, pharyngeal, phoneme, phonetic, physiotherapy, phthisis, phylum

b) Wristband, knout, wryneck, Khachaturian, wreathe, Khan, Khyber, khanate, pneumothorax, Knox, knuckle, wrongheaded, Khrushchev, knurl, knockdown.

Ex. 9.14 Read the proverbs; explain the reading of consonant clusters:

The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.

Exception provesthe rule.

Where the shoe pinches.

Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.

Physicians mend or end us.

Neither fish nor flesh.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

A watched pot never boils.

A drowning man will catch at a straw.

Little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

Ex. 9.15 Practice reading the following homophones:

Homophones are words (or combinations of words)

-which sound the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings: e.g. meet and meat, seen and scene.

-There are some examples of one word sounding like a combination of words: e.g. heed and he’d.

-Sometimes three words (or combinations of words) sound exactly the same: e.g. I’ll, isle and aisle.

-scent – a distinctive smell, sent – the past tense of send

-scene – the place where an event takes place, seen – the past tense of see

-site – a piece of land, cite – to quote

-session – the meeting of a court, cession – the act of ceding

-scull – rowing motion, skull – head bone

-sic – to set upon, sick- ill

-sink – to submerge, synch – together in time

-soared – to have sailed through the air, sword – long fighting blade

-sucker – one who sucks, succor – relief

-plum – purple fruit, plumb – straight up and down

-profit – money earned, prophet – seer

-bark – outer sheath of a tree, barque – square-rigged sailing ship

-bloc – an alliance, block – square object

-bold – brave, bowled – knocked over

-boll – round seed pod, bowl – dish

-borough – township, burrow – dig into the ground

-bough – tree branch, bow – front of a ship, respectful bend

-burger – meat sandwich, burgher – merchant

-but – excepting, butt – the thick end

Ex. 9.16

Spot the homophones 1

isle / bard / beer / bored / caught / night / pale / cawed / chord / sly / died / dyer / cored/ dough / flawed / toed / pear / meal / floored / teas / knew / heard / soar / heal / lacks / lax / male / steer / we’ll / maize / might / slay / dead / stair / mite / breaks / knight / towed / dire / knit / weight / herd / seam / aisle / he’ll / nit / tees / new / pail / bier / board / barred / pare / doe / pair / rain court / bared / dyed / heel / reign / saw / mail / sore / I’ll / seem / maze / sleigh / stare / tease / toad / wait / wheel

Some of these words do not form pairs of homophones.

Ex. 9.17

Spot the homophones 2

In the following conversation a large number of words have been replaced by homophones. Spot where they have been used and decide how the words should be written.

- Lousy whether we’ve been having recently. (=Lousy weather…)

- We haven’t been having much son, that’s for shore. I got court in the reign this mourning and got wet threw.

- Me two. And how about that cold missed first thing? I went out bear headed to get sum fire-would and haven’t bean warm since. And my hands got quite saw as well. Really roar, they feel.

- I no watcher mean. I always get aches and panes in the winter. Anyway, weir off to get some son necks tweak. Weave booked a few daze in Singerpoor.

- Yes, I herd you had. Lucky yew! Still, I shouldn’t mown. We flue to Florida last cheer, witch was really nice, and it’s only fore weeks till we visit my sun and daughter-in lore in Roam. Haven’t scene them for rages. We only maid the booking yesterday, threw the internet. Mary’s already pact; she can’t weight.

- Well, tell her she won’t knead her fir coat any weigh.

- Rite. Oh Kay. Aisle sea you later.

- Buy. See ewe a round.

Some of the homophones show that this is fast, informal speech.

Ex. 9.18 Transcribe the following words:

Shop, fish, this, English, shot, three, cheese, something, thus, months, catch, through, that, child, chef, these, those, thirst, third, chop, shelf, anxious, trophy, scholarship, changes, England, machinery, gage, judge, science, echo, tongues, income, scheme.

Ex. 9.19 (

, track 15)

A In each line, identify the word that has a different first consonant sound. Read them first, then listen to the recording to check.

Example: friend priest physical philosophy

1	kettle	car	circle	catch
2	these	thank	think	thread
3	when	which	whose	where
4	church	choir	cheap	chart
5	plenty	prince	piano	pneumatic
6	number	know	moon	gnaw

B In each line, identify the word that has a different final consonant sound. Then listen to the recording to check.

1	picked	rubbed	fact	bought
2	dragged	road	dropped	hide
3	cough	safe	roof	of
4	packs	ox	begs	pats
5	lump	chasm	limb	name
6	sock	music	arch	ache

Ex. 9.20 Practice reading the following twisters:

1. Have judgement not to judge this judgement judging by people’s judgement.

2. Each child has much chance to become the champion of the match.

3. This is a thick thimble.

4. A handsome singer sang an exciting song in English.

TEST

I. Find the odd word in the line:

1. Guide, gas, general, glass, globe

2. Crimson, music, lens, always, research

3. Initiative, negotiate, transition, completion, station.

II. Explain assimilation(s) in the following words:

Cupboard, nice shoes, twice, try, sweet, plane, pray

III. Mark stresses:

heretical

Arabic

political

Chinese

attention

lunatic

IV. Transcribe the following words:

Psychiatrist, appointment, therapy, tranquilizer, medicinal, malaria, typhoid, hang gliding, windsurf, athletics, steeplechase, draughts, rink, oar, tournament.

10. Revision and Consolidation Practice

Ex. 10.1 Practise the following poem, which illustrates the irregular spelling of English.

HINTS ON PRONUNCIATION FOR FOREIGNERS

I take it you already know

Of tough and bough and cough and dough?

Others may stumble but not you,

On hiccough, thorough, laugh and through…

Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,

To learn of less familiar traps.

Beware of heard: a dreadful word

That looks like beard and sounds like bird.

And dead: it’s said like bed not bead –

For goodness’ sake don’t call it deed.

Watch out for meat and great and threat

(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt!)

A moth is not a moth in mother;

Nor both in bother, broth in brother;

And here is not a match for there,

Nor dear and fear for bear and pear.

And then there’s dose and rose and lose

(Just look them up) and goose and choose,

And cork and work and card and ward,

And font and front and word and sword,

And do and go and thwart and cart…

Come, come! I’ve hardly made a start.

A dreadful language? Man alive!

I’d mastered it when I was five!

I will teach you in my verse

Words like corps, corks, horse, and worse.

For this phonetic labyrinth

Gives monkey, donkey, ninth and plinth;

Wounded, rounded, grieve and sieve;

Friend and fiend; alive and live.

Query does not rhyme with very,

Nor does fury sound like bury.

Dies and diet; lord and word,

Earth and hearth and clerk and herd;

Evil, devil, tomb, bomb, comb;

Doll, roll, dull, bull, some and home.

Finally – for I’ve said enough –

Through though thorough plough cough tough!

While hiccough has the sound of cup…

My advice is: GIVE IT UP!

Put the words which are wholly or partially in italics on the correct line, according
to the pronunciation of the italicized vowel sound. Some have been done for you.

[ʌ]	tough
[aʊ]	bough
[ɒ]	cough
[əʊ]
[ə]
[ɑ:]
[u:]
[ɜ:]
[ɪə]
[e]
[i:]
[eī]
[ɛə]
[ɔ:]
[aī]
[ɪ]
[ʊ]

Ex. 10.2 Group the letters of the English alphabet according to their pronunciation:

O P A C

H D

VF Z J Y

I

U The Alphabet B Q R

M

W G

NE SL

K

TX

[i: ]

[e ]

[eI]

[u: ]

[aI]

[əu ]

[ɑ: ]

Ex. 10.3 There is one spelling mistake in each word in the following text. Underline every word which is wrongly spelt. Then write the correct spelling in the space provided at the end of the sentence.

The moon is a natural satellite that travels around the earth (_______). As the moon moves, it seemes to change shape (______). But it does not change sheipe (_____). It has no ligth of its own (_____). When we see the moon, we see sonlight reflected off it (______). We can see the moon only if the lighted part is torned towards Earth (_____). During the full moon, the lighted part of the moon is torned towards Earth (_____). There is no eaar on the moon (____). And it is very hot in the day-time on it (____). It appeares to have no live (_____). Many people wanted to lean more about the moon (_____). Long ago, people used only there eyes to look at the moon (_____). They could not see the moon’s land clealy (_____). Later, a telescope was invanted (______). Since then, people have used telescops to study the moon (_____).

Ex. 10.4 There is one spelling mistake in each line in the following text. Underline every word which is wrongly spelt. Then write the correct spelling in the space provided at the end of the sentence.

Have you ever thought that a person’s apperance ____________

revels more than we realise? According to some _____________

experts, a persons’ face, head, and body can_________________