Pronunciation and Spelling in English (стр. 7 из 10)
| warm –charmcork – workwart –dartworm – stormwindow - binding | worm – squirmwant – pantword – lordcall – shalleight – height |
Ex. 7.22 Find the odd word:
Target, farm, warm, market, barking.
Word, work, world, war, worse.
Behind, bind, wind, mind, blind.
Call, shall, tall, also, always.
Howl, jowl, crown, throw, coward.
Own, borrow, pillow, tower, crow.
Dance, can’t, bathroom, past, east.
Warship, quality, watch, wash, was.
Pond, gold, sold, behold, scold.
Ex. 7.23 Find the homophones:
side/ stalk/ hold/ might/ bold/ knight/ sight/ won/ site/ holed/ stork/ bowled/ night/ one/ sighed/ mite
Ex 7.24 Find the rhymes:
a) warm/ calm/ heard/ polite/ want/ show/ world/ aunts/ what/ work/ stalk/ bite
b) ago/ farm/ dance/ fight/ pot/ pond/ whirled/ perk/ night/ fork/ storm/ word
Ex. 7.25 (
, track 11)Listen to the recording and decide which names you hear.
Example: I’ve invited ____Pete___to join us.
a) Pete b) Peter c) Pet
1. I’ve just been talking to __________________.
a) Jan Lipman b) Jane Lipman c) Jane Leapman d) Jan Leapman
2. I’ve just got a letter from __________________.
a) Eryl b) Meryl
3. Can I speak to _____________, please?
a) Mick Wilson b) Mike Wilson c) Mack Wilson d) Mark Wilson
4. I haven’t seen ____________ for ages.
a) Mary b) Marie
5. Could you give this to __________, please?
a) Lucille b) Lucy
6. I think that’s ___________ over there.
a) Peter Bales b) Peter Vales c)Pete Bales d) Pete Vales
7. Have you met _________________?
a) Barbara Eaton b) Barbara Heaton c) Barbie Eaton d) Barbie Heaton
8. I’ve invited _______________ as well.
a) Joe Newman b) Joan Newman
9. That’s _________________, I think.
a) Sir Ralph b) Sir Alf
10. I think that’s ____________over there.
a) Sue Weedon b) Sue Eden
11. Is ___________ here today?
a) Gert b) Curt
12. I’m going with ___________ to the cinema.
a) Alec b) Alex
13. Have you seen ____________ recently?
a) Rita b) Lita
14. I hear that ___________has got a new job.
a) Bet b) Beth c) Betty d) Bess
15. Isn’t that ________over there?
a) Carl b) Carla
Ex. 7.26 (
, track 12)Look at and listen to these pairs of words.
a. Peter and pepper. These start with the same consonant sound [p], but the following vowel sound is different: [׀pi:tə], [׀pepə].
b. Peter and pizza. These start with the same three sounds: [׀pi:tə] and [׀pi:tsə].
Now read the following pairs of words. How many identical sounds do they start with? Listen to the recording to check how they are pronounced.
Examples:
Peter/ pepper – 1 Peter/pizza – 3
1. Kate \ cake __ 9. Penny \ pizza __
2. Charles \ chocolate ___ 10. Margery \margarine ___
3. Oliver \ olives ___ 11. Barbara \ bananas ___
4. Tom \ tomatoes ___ 12. Sam \ salmon ___
5. Susan \ sugar ___ 13. Colin \ cola ___
6. Salome \ salami ___ 14. Brenda \ bread ___
7. Pat \ pasta ___ 15. Jim \ gin ___
8. Patty \ pastry ___ 16. Raymond \ radishes ___
Ex. 7.27
a) Put the following words into the correct column according to the pronunciation of”-ough”:
Cough, through, plough, fought, thought, tough, nought, ought, drought, borough, bough, sought, bought, dough, though, enough, rough, thorough
| [ɔ:] | [ʌf] | [ɒf] | [u:] | [ə] | [əʊ] | [aʊ] |
b) Add two more words into each group:
caught, cuff, burglar, glow, stew, toffee, groan, snuff, warn, queue, terror, doubt, frown, off.
| Mute letter | Combinations of letters | Examples |
| b | bt mb | Doubt, subtle,climb but: obtainBomb, comb, lamb, tomb |
| c | sc | Scissors, scene, muscle |
| d | Before consonants | Wednesday, handsome |
| g | gn gm | Sign, sovereign, gnat, resign, but: pregnant, magnetParadigm, gnome |
| h | wh rh, h gh kh | Which, white, where, what Rhyme, hour, exhibition, honor Ghost, gherkin Khaki, khan |
| gh | igh | High, light, weight, fight |
| k | kn | Know, knife, knight, knee |
| l | ld (only in words) lf alk lm | Could, would, should Half, calf, but: golf, wolf Talk, walk, chalk Calm, psalm, but: film |
| n | nm | Autumn, column, condemn |
| p | pn pt ps | Pneumonia, pneumatic Receipt, but: helicopter, September, raptorial Psychology, psalm, but: laps, perhaps |
| r | after vowels | Far, farm, girl, turn, term |
| s | sl | Island, isle |
| t | ften stle sten | Often, soften Whistle, castle Listen, fasten |
| w | wh (before –o) wr sw | Who, whose, whom, whole Writer, playwright, wrong, wrestling Answer, but: swallow, swan, sweet |
Ex. 8.1 Find the homophones:
Lamb/ wood/ receipt/ rime/ hole/right/ reseat/ knew/ fought/ whine/ reign/ lam/ rain/ new/ fort/ wine/ would/ rhyme/ write/ whole.
Ex. 8.2 Find the rhymes:
Farm, boom, delight, hurl, gate, design, sign, who, calm, threw, court, reign, alarm, height, gloom, bite, polite, refine, weight, whirl, pine, chew, caught, refrain, incite, womb, psalm, night, charm, tomb, through, balm.
Ex. 8.3 Choose the odd word:
when, which, whose, where
lump, limb, lamb, comb
calm, palm, film, balm
knapsack, knowledge, knick-knack, acknowledge
Gypsy, pseud, perhaps, eclipse
pseudonym, psychosis, trapshooting, psyche.
Ex. 8.4 Choose the appropriate word:
1. That was really a very courageous _______.
a) knight b) night
2. She doesn’t _____ _____ her necklace is.
a) no, were b) know, where
3. He ______ his father was coming home because he heard his horse’s _______.
a) new, slay b) knew, sleigh
4. He became an ________ of a tremendous fortune after his ________ death.
a) heir, father’s b) air, father’s
5. The troops had to _____ the river.
a) wade b) weight
6. The rose was very beautiful but the thorns on the _______ hurt my fingers.
a) stork b) stalk
7. The king’s ________ his spouse’s glance and understood everything.
a) court b) caught
8. It was the first day of ______ for the ______.
a) rain, shake b) reign, sheikh
Ex. 8.5 Correct the mistakes:
I got court in the reign this morning and got wet threw.
I’d like to get some fire-would.
I no wot you mean.
I always get aches and peigns in winter.
We booked the tickets threw the Internet.
She can’t weight for you.
It’s very hot there, she won’t knead her fur-coat.
Rite! That’s the correct variant.
Ex. 8.6 Complete the word by adding the silent letter.
1. An _onest man never tells lies.
2. _hose spectacles are these?
3. A bom_ exploded just near the bridge.
4. The spirit of a dead person is called a g_ost.
5. Do you hear someone _nocking at the window?
6. His _nowledge of the subject is rather poor.
7. The clock strikes every _our.
8. I’m afraid he’s caught _neumonia.
9. You’d better _rap her present up.
10. If you don’t want to forget, tie _not in your handkerchief.
9. Reading of English Consonant Clusters
English sibilants and interdental sounds which don’t have their equivalents in the Latin alphabet are denoted by combinations of consonants, the second element of which is “h”, e. g. she, chain, thus, three.
All the combinations of consonants, except “sh”, have the primary and the secondary sound meanings. The combinations of consonants are read in the primary sound meaning in most English words. In the words of foreign origin they are read in their secondary meaning.
| Cluster | Sound | Where | Examples |
| ch | [t∫] [k] [∫] [d3] [h] | Geek and Latin French | cheap, chair, watch ache, school machinery, chef sandwich, spinach Loch |
| th | [θ] [t] [ð] | word end and beginning proper names between and before vowels | throw, tooth Thomas, Thailand this, leather |
| ph | [v] [f] | Greek and Latin | Stephen philosophy, phonetics |
| sh | [∫] | shelf, wash |
READING OF “ng, nk”
| Cluster | Sound | Where | Examples |
| ng | [ŋ] | In final position or before suffixes –er, -est, -ed, -ing | Sing, singing, singer |
| ng | [ŋg] | In the middle of a root word | Anger, hunger but angel, conglomerate, congratulate |
| nk | [ŋk] | Any position | Ink, pink |
READING OF LETTER “n”
The leter “n” denotes:
[n] in prefixes – con, - non, - in, -un (income, nonsense, confident, unread)
[ŋ] before: c, k ([k] function, tank), ck, qu ([k] conquer, ancker), xi ([k∫] anxious),
g ([g] England, longer), the suffixes and endings –er, -est, -ed, -ing (sing, singer, singing).
Ex. 9.1 Read the words with letter “n”:
| conditiontranquilnon-stopconfidentialconstantcleanest | hankinfamousunbrokenconquersinginginterrupt | hanganxiouslightingfore-fingerunconsciousinkpot |
Ex. 9.2 Transcribe the following words and divide them into groups according to the reading of the combinations of consonants:
linked, wings, inkpot, jungle, anxious, mounting, singer, single, anger, anxious, nonsense, eating, finger, income, function, conquer, having, confident, eaten, English, concentration, nonplus, indirect, frank, hanger, linked, wings, jungle, anxious, mounting, condition, nonunion, invisible, tank, function, belonged, nice, can't, sing, incredible, land, giant, pane, strong, bringing, long, banker.
Ex. 9.3 Find the odd word:
1. jungle, nonsense, Frank, sorting, single.
2. uneasy, nonplus, convention, English, irritation.
3. ring, tongue, boring, chunk, conversion.
4. dinner, convenient, nonstop, involve, undid.
5. unclaimed, nonsense, link, inhale.
6. finger, hang, frank, stronger.
7. singer, hanger, belonged, doing.
Ex. 9.4 Add the word according to the rule:
1. informal, non-aggression, unable, ...
2. tank, frank, hank, ...
3. longer, stronger, younger, ...
4. sung, wing, finger, ...
5. consult, industry, indulge, ...
6. stinks, tank, inkpot, ...
7. boring, sorting, lying, ...
Ex. 9.5 Find the way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if the word
in it has the sound [ŋ]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.
Start ↓
| sing | think | thick | strong | wrong | rung |
| sign | uncle | unless | drug | strange | comb |
| thanks | angry | signal | drank | English | finger |
| anxious | angel | single | monkey | money | young |
| language | tongue | skiing | skin | came | ink |
| lounge | danger | band | dream | swim | wing |
↑ Finish
Ex. 9.6 Explain the rules of reading in these proverbs:
1. What is done cannot be undone.
2. Wars the sport of kings.
3. He who swims in sin will sink in sorrow.
4. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
5. Better unborn than untaught.
6. Honey is sweet but the bee stings.
Ex. 9.7 Join consonant clusters with the sounds they can denote. There are 4 sounds that don’t fit here.
| [d3] | [t] | [t∫] | [v] | [ð] |
| [s] | CH SH TH NG PH NK | [n] | ||
| [ŋk] | [h] | |||
| [f] | [θ] | |||
| [g] | [ŋ] | [∫] | [k] | [ŋg] |
Find the word with each sound:
Chandelier, worth, anger, triumph, Anthony, sandwich, cheekbone, Stephen, shrewd, bang, Frank, than, monarchy
Ex. 9.8 Find the odd word according to the way of the reading of consonant clusters:
1. accept, success, soccer, accede, access, accent.
2. anchor, young, conquer, conclude, function.
3. think, thunder, throne, thyme, thick, thing.
4. chaos, chord, stomach, monarchy, chaste.
5. tooth, scythe, truth, thumb, throw, thin.
6. go, gargle, gage, glove, stage, give.
7. chef, chic, champagne, charade, chick.