63Fradin, Conquered, 143, 144.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Davis, Robert T. “Reminiscences of 1846” in Massachusetts General Hospital. Semi-Centennial of Anesthesia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: H. O. Houghton & Co., 1897.
This is a primary account of the first public demonstration of surgical anesthesia. I used it for information on the procedures during the surgery. It was extremely useful.
Morton, William Thomas Green. “Memoir on Sulfuric Ether” in Nuland, Sherwin B, M.D., F.A.C.S. The Origins of Anesthesia. Birmingham, Alabama: The Classics of Medicine Library, 1983.
This document is Morton’s personal account on the discovery of anesthesia. I used it for the controversy between Morton and Jackson. It was very useful.
Long, Crawford W. “An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anesthetic in Surgical Operations” in Nuland, Sherwin B, M.D., F.A.C.S. The Origins of Anesthesia. Birmingham, Alabama: The Classics of Medicine Library, 1983.
This is Long’s personal account of his operation on James Venable. I used it for Long’s first operation using ether. It was extremely helpful.
Secondary Sources
Fradin, Dennis Brindell. “We Have Conquered Pain”: The Discovery of Anesthesia. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 1996.
This book is a summary of the controversy. I used this book to gather information about the four contestants. It was very useful.
Galas, Judith C. Anesthetics: Surgery Without Pain. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc., 1992.
This book has a summary of the developments of anesthesia to its present-day use. I used this book mostly for information on Dr. Crawford W. Long. It was pretty useful.
Gwathmey, James Tayloe, M.D. Anesthesia. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1914.
This book covers anesthesia from ancient history to its present-day use. I used this book mostly for information before the controversy. It was not extremely useful, but it did help in learning the developments of anesthesia.
Ludovici, L. J. The Discovery of Anesthesia. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1961.
This book is an account of the discovery of anesthesia, claiming Morton as the discoverer. I used this book to learn information about the relationship between Dr. William Morton and Dr. Charles Jackson because it went into more detail than the other sources. It was extremely useful.
Nuland, Sherwin B, M.D., F.A.C.S. The Origins of Anesthesia. Birmingham, Alabama: The Classics of Medicine Library, 1983.
This book has a detailed account of the discovery and controversy over anesthesia. I used this book mostly for its primary documents. It was extremely useful.
Prescott, Frederick. Control of Pain. Great Britain: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1964.
This book covers different types of anesthetics. I used it for information before the discovery and the history of the discovery. It was useful.
Robinson, Victor, M.D. Victory Over Pain: A History of Anesthesia. New York: Henry Schuman, Inc., 1946.
This book is an account of the discovery of anesthesia. I used this book mostly for information on the controversy between the four contestants. It was also extremely useful.
Shapiro, Irwin. The Gift of Magic Sleep: Early Experiments in Anesthesia. New York: Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan, Inc., 1979.
This book covers the discovery of anesthesia. I used it mostly for contributions that led to the discovery. It was useful.