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SUMMARY
Today the theory and practice of international communication attract more and more scholars, as it has become evident that the examination of their problems requires expertise from the different areas of study.
It’s well known that misunderstanding can destroy the relationship between members of a family as well as interrelation between different communities of a modern multicultural world. The latter fact can lead to the inevitable fateful consequences even to the vanish of civilization due to an armed conflict. This evidence forces wide circles of scientific societies to develop acceptable means for improving the situation. In the light of it, it is no wonder that the tendency of interosculation, integration‚ of various fields science-based knowledge become distinctive features of the contemporary studies.
At present there are reasonable grounds for supposing that studying of a foreign language barely, without supplying some cultural awareness is not enough to provide for mutual benefit in the international relationships. This foundation serves as a starting point for the origin of a new science. Consequently the appearance of lingvoculturology is an appropriate result of developing of philosophic and linguistic theory.
Initially the proposition that there is a correlation between language and culture can be traced back to the views of Humboldt. In other words the better we make acquaintance with the culture of a nation the more successful we master the language. Here I must point out that in America and other Western countries communication study is a well-developed field, but linguistic aspectsof discourse are largely ignored. In Russia, on the contrary, there is a strong preference for linguistics, whereas communication study is still at an early stage of its development.
The most distinctive areas distinguished in Russia and based on the interrelation of language and culture are as follows: Linguo-country study (E. M. Vereshchagin; V. G. Kostomarov). The research in this area mostly has an applied character and is a valuable source of information, which reflects the interrelation of language and culture. Ethnolinguistics and its renowned scholars A. S. Gerd, A. M. Kopylenkorepresent a branch of linguistics, which studies the language in its connection with ethnicity and is closely linked with sociolinguistics.
According to the representatives of Cultural linguistics (V. N. Teliya, V. V. Vorobyov, V. A. Maslova) this branch of linguistics has recently appeared “to the study and description of the correspondence of language and culture in their synchronic interaction”.
V. A. Maslova points out the following objects of cultural linguistics: first of all there are words and phrases, which have no equivalents in another language; then: archetypes, rituals, beliefs, and superstitions reflected in a language; on the third place there are proverbs and sayings; 4) idioms; 5) symbols and stereotypes; 6) metaphors and images; end the list stylistic of norms and speech behavior (Maslova 2001: 36-37).
In spite of the fact that the present state of lingvoculturology research is characterized by a lack of general methodological foundations and common conceptual approaches; additionally there is no clear theoretical basis, commonly accepted terminology, fundamental assumptions, which would allow representatives of different directions and trends achieve mutual understanding. What is more, opinions differ as to what should be seen as lingvoculturology and some investigators ignore the fact that lingvoculturology study is an independentarea with its own system of notions and an impressive history of scholarly research; nevertheless lingvoculturology has its own conceptual apparatus and the notion “concept’ which becomes the base of synthesis research.
Concept can be termed as an abstract idea, a mental symbol, a unit of thought, associated with a corresponding representation in language, that denotes all of the objects in a given category or class of entities, interactions, phenomena, or relationships between them, formed by mentally combining some or all the characteristics of a concrete or abstract, real or imaginary object. Concepts exist in the mind as abstract entities independent of terms used to express them.
The meaningful contents of the key concepts determine national conceptosphere, that demonstrates, guards, national cultural heritage. Through singling out the conceptosphere and defining the linguistic means verbalizing concepts we can reveal peculiar national and cultural values perceived by this ethnos. The concepts Eternity, Fatherland, Law, Freedom, Love are defined as the meaningful concepts (universality class concepts).
Love is inherent in all human cultures. The concept love is one of the most common and withal one of the least defined concepts in modern science. It is evident that Love is essentially an abstract concept, much easier to experience than to explain.From a position of various dictionaries the notion “Love”can be defined as “an intense feeling of affection, emotional intimacy and shared interests and experiences are common in friendships of all human beings”. In ordinary use, it usually refers to ‘interpersonal love. It has many different meanings in English, from something that gives a little pleasure to something one would die for (patriotism). Оne of the way of investigating the concept can be presented by the method of analysis of the paremilogycal stock contains different types of proverbs.
To begin with: "Proverbs Are Never Out of Season”. They have not lost their popularity. They survive rigorously changing cultural circumstances during the centuries. There is no doubt that proverbs, those old gems of generationally-tested wisdom, help us in our everyday life and communication to cope with the complexities of the modern human condition.
The proverb used to be a form of collective consciousness and has evolved in its language based on traditional experiences. Transmission of proverbs was an essential part of culture and a prerequisite for education and the formation of self.
Moreover, proverbs cross ethnic boundaries. Different peoples share with each other such features as proverbial forms and contents, because they assign practical experiences and wisdom for human beings. The scholars by comparing proverbs of different people with each other, can find that each national characteristics of history, economic life, cultural tradition, mentality, morality, awareness of value, geographical environments and others are fully expressed in its proverbs. These researches result on an international basis, it might add their bit to a humane and enlighten world order based on efficient sense.
Various collections of English paremiae have a very large stock of shared units.
Therefore interpretation and analysis of proverbs are expected to be the wholesome method of scrutinizing the concept Love.
A detailed study was undertaken to select Love-contained proverbs from various dictionaries. With this goal in mind we analyzed one hundred forty two English paremiae.
There are several tasks arising from the main objective:
Firstly, to classify proverbs into units (логемы) gathered by the principle of identical features. According to Чесноков, logem is a logical-semantic unit of a generalized character, which can contain separate groups of paremiae. It was intended to establish identify the main tendencies occurring in the representation of researching concept;
Secondly, to define quantitative data of proverbs containing Love-concept;
Thirdly, to summarize obtained examples in order to figure out the main cases of usage of the concept Love.
The results of the research suggest that:
Love is all-powerful: Love makes the world go round; Love is above King or Kaiser, lord or laws Love conquers all;
It is not conveying by the words: When love is greatest, words are fewest; Next to love, quietness;
Love is unreasonable: Love is not fair – one may fall for a bugbear;
Love is blind: If Jack's in love, he's no judge of Jill's beauty;
Unpractical: Love and knowledge live not together, Love sees no faults;
In comparison with money the latter wins: Love does much, money does everything; When poverty comes in at the door, love flies out of the window;
Matrimony is evaluated as the tombfor love: Marry first, and love will follow It is unlucky to marry for love; Who marries for love without money, has good nights and sorry day;
As an irrefutable evidence we must point out that Love forces to forgive: Love covers many infirmities,
to confide: Where love is, there is faith Where there is no trust there is no love.
All this shows conclusively that Love is something that does not come all that naturally to the English, who see romanticism as a threat to practicality and common sense. In terms of the social climb, however, it is central. A good marriage can put a social climber in a commandingposition. But in the game of life, even the English acknowledge that the love card is wild. That is why they are so frightened of it.
In the final analysis we come to the conclusion that indifference, emotional coldness, some kind of angularity attributed to the English character find strong evidence obtaining from a number of examined proverbs. But along with it we must single out such quality as practicality, care, confidence, that deserves credit and can be regarded.
In this work we have touched upon only one meaningful concept. We must assume that profound and detailed observations of English lingvoconceptosphere will be useful and effective in teaching foreign languages.
In the conclusion I want to emphasize the well-known fact that the processes of Globalization include the greater international movement of commodities, money, information, growth of cross-cultural contacts; advent of new categories of consciousness; and the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures to allow this movement. Today’s communication technology brings us together as never before. In today’s economy, all business is global and competition comes from everywhere. Consequently each of individuals is faced with the problem of integration into unfamiliar culture. The ability to keep one’s opinions flexible and receptive to new and curiosity will be very helpful to adapt to the a new culture.
There are two main approaches to the problems of intercultural communication: The first one is aimed at successful adaptation of individuals in an alien environment and the creation of a method of teaching effective communication in a particular context. The second one allows to examine changes in individuals and culture in general, human ability for the development of intercultural competence and the formation of a personality which would be able to function as a mediator between cultures. This approach is based on the necessity to preserve the uniqueness of cultures, as well as the idea of their interaction.
The dynamic character of intercultural communication steady development and improvement of the quality of communication force the teacher to revise the main principles of education in order to form a positive attitude towards differences, and mutual understanding of cultures in different spheres and on different levels.
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove:
O no! it is an ever-fixed mark
That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle's compass come:
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
If this be error and upon me proved,
I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
http://librivox.org/sonnet-116-by-william-shakespeare/
(N 1,7)
SPEECH
Honorable Members of the State Examining Board!
The graduation paper submitted to your attention is entitled: "The concept Love: the peculiarities pi‚kju:li’æritizof its usage in the English paremiology 7pærəmi’ɔləXi”.
The great Goethe said: “ Who does not know foreign languages, he understands nothing in his native language”
Nowadays paraphrasing this statementwe have a right to claim: “Who does not know culture of other country, he knows nothing about his native culture”.
Today the theory and practice of international communication attracts more and more scholars, it has become evident that the investigation of its problems requires expertise ‚ekspə:’ti:z from the different points of view of various areas of linguistics.
There are reasonable grounds for supposing that only studying aforeign language, without supplying some cultural awareness is not enough to provide for mutual benefit in the international relationships. This foundation serves as a starting point for the origin of a new science.
The primary aim of the investigation, is to prove that the language stands into the close contact with culture. Consequently their synchronic research would be very useful for language education.
The aim of the present investigation is to determine what peculiarities obtains the concept Love in the cultural heritage of the English nation concluded in the stock of language.
The object of this research is paremiological corps concerning the concept Love. The number of examples studied is more than one hundred forty two English paremiae ‘pærəmii .
The topicalityof this work is determined by the increased interest of delving into intricacies of international human relationship.