20. Пассов Е.И. Методология методики: теория и опыт применения (Избранное). Липецк: РИЦ ЛГПУ, 2002(г) – 228 с.
21. Пумпянский А. Л. Введение в практику перевода научной и технической литературы на английский язык.-2-ое, дополненное изд. М.: Наука, 1981. – 343 с.
22. Рецкер Я. И. Теория перевода и переводческая практика. Очерки лингвистической теории перевода. М.: Р.Валент, 2004. – 240 с.
23. Рубцова М. Г. Чтение и перевод английской научно-технической литературы: Лексико-грамматический справочник.М.: АСТ, 2002. – 384 с.
24. Сдобников В. В., Петрова О.В. Теория перевода: Учебник для студентов лингвист. вузов. М.: АСТ; Восток-Запад, 2006. – 448 с.
25. Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода (лингвистические проблемы). Учебное пособие.- СПб.: СПбГУ, ФИЛОЛОГИЯ ТРИ, 2002. – 416 с.
26. Цыпышева М. Е. Читаем, переводим: Английские научные тексты/РАН Каф. иностр. яз., Отв. ред.: Е. А. Рейман.-СПб.: Наука,1996. – 302 с.
27. Чужакин А.П. Мир перевода-6. Трудности перевода в примерах. М.: Р.Валент, 2001. – 64 с.
28. Algeo J. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Studies in English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
29. Alexander L.G. Longman English grammar. UK: Longman Group Limited, 2003. – 374p.
30. Celce-Murcia M., Larsen-Freeman D. The grammar Book: Teacher’s course. Boston: Heinle&Heinle Publishers, 1999. – 854 p.
31. Greenbaum S., Quirk R. A Student’s Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1993. – 490 p.
32. Hewings M. Advanced grammar in use. UK: Cambrige University Press, 2005. – 300 p.
33. Leech G., Svartvik J. A Communicative Grammar of English. Longman, 1993. – 324 p.
34. Murphy R. Grammar in use. UK: Cambrige University Press, 1998. – 350 p.
35. Phillips D. Longman complete course for the TOEFL test: Preparation for the computer and paper tests. NY: A Pearson education, 2001. – 680 p.
36. One language, two grammars? Differences between British and American English / Edited by G.ROHDENBURG and J.SCHLÜTER Cambridge University Press, 2009. – 462 p.
37. Swan M. Practical English Usage. М.: Высшая школа, 1984. – 552 p.
38. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1987(a). – 383 p.
39. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Exercises 1. Oxford University Press, 1987(б). – 181 p.
40. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Exercises 2. Oxford University Press, 1987(в). – 199 p.
41. Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech., Svartvik J. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1991. – 1779 p.
Список словарейи энциклопедий
42. Нелюбин Л.Л. Толковый переводоведческий словарь. – 3–е изд., перераб. М.: Флинта. Наука, 2003. – 320с. [НТПС]
43. Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). М.: Р.Валент, 2004. – 304с. [ПМНС]
44. Longman Dictionary of American English. Longman, 2009. – 1200 p. [LDAE]
45. The Newbury House Dictionary of American English Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle, 1999. With CD-ROM. [NHDAE]
46. Gaines B.K. Idiomatic American English. Kodansha International, 2006. – 115 p. [GIAE]
Список Интернет-источников
47. http://www.wordnik.com/
48. http://www.yourdictionary.com/
49. http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
50. http://www.perevod-nglu.ru
Таблица 1Сводная таблица грамматик английского языка зарубежных авторов
тема | Thomson & Martinet | L.G.Alexander | R.Murphy | Celcia Murcia | Martin Hewings | TOEFL DeboraPhillips |
1. Articles and one, a little/few, this, that | ||||||
a/an (the indefinite article) | + | + | + | + | + | + |
use of a/an | + | + | + | + | + | + |
omission of a/an | + | + | + | + | ||
a/an and one | + | + | + | |||
a little/a few and little/few | + | + | + | + | ||
the (indefinite article) | + | + | + | + | + | + |
omission of the | + | + | + | + | + | |
omission of the before home etc | + | + | + | + | + | |
this/these, that/those | + | + | + | |||
zero article | + | + | + | + | + | |
2. Nouns | ||||||
Kinds and function | + | + | + | + | + | |
Gender | + | + | + | + | ||
Plurals | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Uncounable nouns | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Form of possesive case | + | + | + | + | + | |
Use of possessive case etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
Compound nouns | + | + | + | + | + | |
3. Adjectives | ||||||
Kinds of adjectives | + | + | + | + | + | |
Position of adjectives | + | + | + | + | + | |
Order of adjectives of quality | + | + | + | + | + | |
Comparison | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Constructions with comparisons | + | + | + | + | ||
than/as + pronoun +auxiliary | + | + | + | + | + | |
the + adjective | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Adjectives + one/ones etc. | + | + | + | |||
many and much | + | + | + | + | ||
Adjectives + infinitives | + | + | + | + | ||
Adjectives + various constructions | + | + | + | + | + | + |
4. Adverbs | ||||||
Kinds of adverbs | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form and use | + | + | + | + | + | |
Formation of adverbs with ly | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Adverbs and adjectives with the same form | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Comparative and superlative | + | + | + | + | + | |
far, farther/farthest etc. | + | + | + | |||
much, more, most | + | + | + | + | ||
Constructions with comparisons | + | + | + | + | + | |
Position | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Adverbs of manner | + | + | + | + | + | |
Adverbs of place | + | + | + | + | + | |
Adverbs of time | + | + | + | + | + | |
Adverbs of frequency | + | + | + | + | ||
Order of adverbs | + | + | + | |||
Sentence adverbs | + | + | + | + | + | |
Adverbs of degree | + | + | + | + | + | |
fairly, rather, quite, hardly etc. | + | + | ||||
fairly and ratherЫ | + | + | ||||
quite | + | + | ||||
hardly, scarcely, barely | + | + | ||||
Inversion of the verb | + | + | + | |||
Inversion after certain adverbs | + | + | + | + | ||
5. all, each, every, both, neither, either, some, any, no, none | ||||||
all, each, every, everyne etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
both | + | + | + | + | + | + |
all/both/each + of etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
neither, either | + | + | + | + | + | + |
some, any, no and none | + | + | + | + | + | |
someone, anyone, no one etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
else after someone/anybody etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
another, other etc. with one, some | + | + | + | + | ||
6. Interrogatives: wh-? Words and how? | ||||||
Interrogative adjectives and pronouns | + | + | + | |||
Affirmative verb after who etc. | + | + | + | |||
who, whom, whose, which, what | + | + | + | + | + | + |
who, whom, which and what as objects of prepositions | + | + | + | + | + | |
Uses of what | + | + | + | + | ||
which compared with who, what | + | + | + | + | ||
Interrogative adverbs: why, when, where, how | + | + | + | + | + | |
ever after who, what etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
Yes/no questions vs. Wh-questions | + | |||||
7. Possessives, personal and reflexive pronouns: my, mine, I, myself etc. | ||||||
Possessive adjectives and pronouns | + | + | + | + | ||
Agreement and use of possessive adjectives | + | + | + | |||
Possessive pronouns replacing possessive adjectives + nouns | + | + | + | |||
Personal pronouns | + | + | + | + | ||
Position of pronoun objects | + | + | + | + | ||
Use of it | + | + | + | + | ||
Indefinite pronouns | + | + | + | |||
Use of they/them/their with neither/either, someone etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
Reflexive pronouns | + | + | + | + | + | |
Emphasizing pronouns | + | + | + | |||
8. Relative pronouns and clauses | ||||||
Defining relative clauses | + | + | + | + | ||
Relative pronouns used in defining clauses | + | + | + | + | + | |
Defining clauses: persons | + | + | + | + | ||
Defining clauses: things | + | + | + | |||
Cleft sentences | + | + | + | |||
Relative clause replaced by infinitive or participle | + | + | ||||
Non-defining relative clauses | + | + | + | + | ||
Non-defining clauses: persons | + | + | + | |||
all, both, few, most, several etc. + of + whom/which | + | + | + | |||
Non-defining clauses: things | + | + | + | |||
Connective relative clauses | + | + | + | |||
what (relative pronoun) and which (connective relative) | + | + | + | |||
Commas in relative clauses | + | + | + | + | ||
whoever, whichever etc. | + | + | ||||
9. Prepositions | ||||||
Alternative position | + | + | ||||
Omission of to and for before indirect objects | + | + | ||||
Use and omission of to with verbs of communication | + | + | ||||
Time and date: at, on, by etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
Time: from, since, for etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
Time: to, till/until, after, afterwards (adverb) | + | + | + | + | + | |
Travel and movement: from, to, at, in, by, on, into etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
at, in, into, on, onto | + | + | + | + | + | |
above, over, under etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
prepositions used with adjectives and participles | + | + | + | + | ||
Verbs and prepositions | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Gerunds after prepositions | + | + | + | + | + | |
Prepositions/adverbs | + | + | ||||
10. Introduction to verbs | ||||||
Classes of verbs | + | + | + | + | ||
Ordinary verbs | + | + | + | + | ||
Principal parts | + | + | + | + | ||
Active tenses | + | + | + | + | ||
Negatives of tenses | + | + | + | + | ||
Interrogative for questions and requests | + | + | + | + | + | |
Negative interrogative | + | + | + | + | ||
Auxiliary verbs | + | + | + | |||
Auxiliaries and modals | + | + | + | |||
Forms and patterns | + | + | + | |||
Use of auxiliaries in short answers, agreements etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
In short answers | + | + | + | + | ||
Agreements and disagreements | + | + | + | |||
Questions tags | + | + | + | + | + | |
Comment tags | + | + | ||||
Additions to remarks | + | + | ||||
11. be, have, do | ||||||
be as an auxiliary verb | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form and use | + | + | + | |||
be + infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
be as an ordinary verb | + | + | + | |||
be to denote existence, be + adjective | + | + | + | |||
there is/are/was/were etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
it is and there is compared | + | + | ||||
have as an auxiliary verb | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form and use | + | + | + | |||
have + object + past participle | + | + | + | |||
had better + bare infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
have + object + present participle | + | + | + | |||
have as an ordinary verb | + | + | + | + | ||
have meaning 'possess' and 'suffer (from) pain/illness/disability' | + | + | + | |||
have meaning 'take', 'give' | + | + | ||||
do | + | + | + | + | ||
Form | + | + | + | + | ||
do used as an auxiliary | + | + | + | + | ||
do used as an ordinary verb | + | + | + | + | ||
12. may and can for permission and possibility | ||||||
Permission | + | + | + | |||
may for permission: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
can for permission: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
may and can used for permission in the present or future | + | + | + | + | ||
could or was/were allowed to for permission in the past | + | + | + | + | ||
Requests for permission | + | + | + | |||
Possibility | + | + | + | |||
may/might for possibiluty | + | + | + | + | ||
may/might + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
could or may/might | + | + | + | + | ||
can for possibility | + | + | + | + | ||
13. can and be able for ability | ||||||
can and be able: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
can/am able, could/was able | + | + | + | + | ||
could + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
14. ought, should, must, have to, need for obligation | ||||||
ought: forms | + | + | + | |||
should: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
ought/should compared to must and have to | + | + | + | |||
ought/should with the continuous infinitive | + | + | + | |||
ought/should with the perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
must and have to: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
must and have to: difference | + | + | + | + | ||
need not and must not in the present and future | + | + | + | |||
need: forms | + | + | + | |||
Absence of obligation | + | + | + | |||
need not and other forms | + | + | + | |||
must, have to and need in the interrogative | + | + | + | |||
needn't + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | |||
needn't have (done) and didn't have/need (to do) | + | + | + | |||
needn't, could and should + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
to need meaning 'require' | + | + | + | |||
15. must, have, will and should for deduction and assumption | + | |||||
must for deduction | + | + | + | + | + | |
must compared to may/might | + | + | + | + | ||
have/had for deduction | + | + | + | + | + | |
can't and couldn't used for negative deduction | + | + | + | + | ||
will and should: assumption | + | + | + | + | + | |
16. The auxiliaries dare and used | ||||||
dare | + | + | + | |||
used | + | + | + | + | + | |
to be/become/get used to | + | + | ||||
17. The present tenses | ||||||
The present continious | + | + | + | + | ||
Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
Present participle: spelling | + | |||||
Uses | + | + | + | + | + | |
Other possible uses | + | + | + | |||
Verbs not normally use | + | + | ||||
feel, look, smell and taste | + | - | ||||
see and hear | + | - | ||||
think, assume and expect | + | - | ||||
The simple present tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
Used for habutial action | + | + | + | + | + | |
Other uses | + | + | + | + | ||
18. The past and perfect tenses | ||||||
The simple past tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
Irregular verbs: form | + | + | + | + | ||
Use for past events | + | + | + | + | + | |
The past continious tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
Main uses | + | + | + | + | + | |
Other uses | + | + | + | + | ||
Past continious or simple past | + | + | + | + | ||
The present perfect tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form and use | + | + | + | + | ||
Use with just | + | + | + | |||
Past actions: indefinite time | + | + | + | + | + | |
Actions in an incomplete period | + | + | + | + | ||
Actions lasting throughout an incomplete period | + | + | + | + | ||
Use with for and since | + | + | + | + | + | |
it is + period+ since + past or prefect tense | + | + | + | |||
Present perfect and simple past | + | + | + | + | + | |
The present perfect continious tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
Use | + | + | + | + | + | |
Comparison of the present perfect simple and continious | + | + | + | + | + | |
Some more examples | + | + | + | |||
The past perfect tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form and use | + | + | + | + | ||
In time clauses | + | + | + | |||
In indirect speech | + | + | + | + | ||
The past perfect continious tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
Form and use | + | + | + | + | ||
19. The future | ||||||
Future forms | + | + | + | + | ||
The simple present | + | + | + | + | ||
Future with intention | + | + | + | + | + | |
will + infinitive | + | + | + | + | + | + |
The present continious | + | + | + | + | + | |
The be going to form | + | + | + | + | + | |
be going to and will + infinitive to express intention | + | + | + | + | + | |
be going to used for prediction | + | + | + | + | + | |
The future simple | + | + | + | + | ||
First person will and shall | + | + | + | + | ||
Uses of the future simple | + | + | + | + | ||
will contrasted with want/wish/would like | + | + | + | + | ||
the future continuous tense | + | + | + | + | ||
The future continious used as an ordinary continious tense | + | + | + | + | ||
The future continious used to express future without intention | + | + | + | + | ||
The future continious and will + infinitive compared | + | + | + | + | ||
Various future forms | + | + | + | |||
The future perfect and the future perfect continious | + | + | + | + | ||
20. The sequence | ||||||
Subordinate clauses | + | + | ||||
The sequence of tenses | + | + | + | |||
21. The conditional | ||||||
The conditional tenses | + | + | + | |||
The present conditional tense | + | + | + | |||
The perfect conditional tense | + | + | + | |||
Conditional sentences | + | + | + | + | ||
Conditional sentences type 1 | + | + | + | + | + | |
Conditional sentences type 2 | + | + | + | + | + | |
Conditional sentences type 3 | + | + | + | + | + | |
Conditional sentences: mixed, implied | + | + | ||||
will/would and should | + | + | + | + | ||
if + were and inversion | + | + | + | |||
if, even if, whether, unless, but for, otherwise etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
if and in case | + | + | + | + | ||
if only | + | + | + | |||
In indirect speech | + | + | + | |||
22. Oher uses of will/would, shall/should | ||||||
Habits expessed by will, would | + | + | + | |||
should/would think + that-clause or so/not | + | + | + | |||
would for past intention | + | + | + | + | ||
shall I/we? | + | + | + | |||
shall: second and third persons | + | + | + | |||
that… should | + | + | + | |||
it is/was + adjective + that…should | + | + | + | |||
Other uses of should | + | + | + | |||
23. The infinitive | ||||||
Form | + | + | + | + | ||
Uses of the infinitive | + | + | + | |||
The infinitive as subject | + | + | + | |||
As object or complement | + | + | ||||
Verb + how/what etc. + infinitive | + | + | + | |||
Infinitive after verb or verb + subject | + | + | + | + | ||
Infinitive after verb + object | + | + | ||||
Infinitive after verbs of knowing and thinking etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
The bare infinitive | + | + | + | |||
Infinitive represented by to | + | + | ||||
Split infinitives | + | + | ||||
Infintive as connective link | + | + | ||||
Infinitive used to replace a relative clause | + | + | + | |||
Infinitive after certain nouns | + | + | ||||
After too, enough, so… as | + | + | + | |||
Infinitive phrases | + | + | + | |||
The continuous infinitive | + | + | + | |||
The perfect infinitive | + | + | + | |||
Perfect infinitive continuous | + | + | + | |||
24. The gerund | ||||||
Form and use | + | + | + | |||
The gerund as subject | + | + | + | |||
Gerunds after prepositions | + | + | + | + | ||
The word to | + | + | ||||
Verbs followed by the gerund | + | + | + | |||
Verbs + possessive adjective/pronoun object + gerund | + | + | ||||
The verb mind | + | + | + | |||
The perfect gerund | + | + | + | |||
The passive gerund | + | + | ||||
25. Infinitive and gerund constructions | ||||||
Verbs + infinitive or gerund | + | + | + | + | + | |
Verbs + infinitive or gerund without change of meaning | + | + | + | |||
regret, remember, forget | + | + | ||||
agree/agree to, mean, propose | + | |||||
go on, stop, try, used (to) | + | + | ||||
be afraid (of), be sorry (for), be ashamed (of) | + | |||||
26. The participles | ||||||
Present (or active) participle | + | + | + | + | ||
After verbs of sensation | + | + | + | |||
catch, find, leave + object + present participle | + | + | ||||
go, come, spend, waste etc. | + | + | + | |||
A present participle phrase replacing a main clause | + | + | + | |||
A present participle phrase replacing a subordinate clause | + | + | + | |||
Perfect participle (active) | + | + | + | |||
Perfect participle (passive) and perfect participle (passive) | + | + | ||||
Misrelated participles | + | + | ||||
27. Commands, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions | ||||||
The inperative for commands | + | + | + | |||
Other ways of expressing commands | + | + | + | |||
Requests with can/could/may/might I/we | + | + | + | |||
Request with could/will/would you etc. | + | + | + | |||
Requests with might | + | + | + | |||
Invitations | + | + | + | |||
Advice forms | + | + | + | |||
Advice with may/might as well + infinitive | + | + | + | |||
Suggestions | + | + | + | |||
28. The subjunctive | ||||||
Form | + | + | + | + | ||
Use of the present subjunctive | + | + | + | |||
as if etc. + past subjunctive | + | + | + | + | ||
it is time etc. + past subjunctive | + | + | + | |||
29. care, like, love, hate, prefer, with | ||||||
care and like | + | + | ||||
care, like, love, hate, prefer | + | + | ||||
would like and want | + | + | + | |||
would rather/sooner and prefer/would prefer | + | + | + | + | ||
More examples of preference | + | + | + | |||
wish, want and would like | + | + | + | |||
wish + subject + unreal past | + | + | + | |||
wish (that) + subject + would | + | + | + | |||
30. The passive voice | ||||||
Form | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Active and passive equivalents | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Uses of the passive | + | + | + | + | + | |
Prepositions with passive verbs | + | + | + | + | ||
Infinitive constructions after passive verbs | + | + | + | + | + | |
A middle voice | + | |||||
A complex passive | + | |||||
31. Indirect speech | ||||||
Direct and indirect speech | + | + | + | + | + | |
Statements in indirect speech: tense changes necessary | + | + | + | + | + | |
Past tenses | + | + | + | + | ||
Unreal past tenses | + | + | + | + | + | |
might, ought to, should, would, used to in indirect statements | + | + | + | + | ||
could in indirect statements | + | + | + | + | ||
Pronoun and adjective | + | + | + | |||
Expressions of time and place | + | + | + | |||
Infinitive and gerund | + | + | ||||
say, tell etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
Questions in indirect speech | + | + | + | + | ||
Questions beginning shall I/we? | + | + | + | |||
Questions beginning will you/would you/could you? | + | + | + | |||
Commands, requests, advice | + | + | + | + | + | |
Other ways of expressing indirect commands | + | + | + | + | ||
let's, let us, let him/them | + | + | + | + | ||
Exclamations and yes and no | + | + | + | + | ||
Indirect speech: mixe types | + | + | + | |||
must and needn't | + | + | + | |||
32. Conjunctions | ||||||
Co-ordinating conjunctions | + | + | + | + | ||
besides, so, still, yet etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
Subordinating conjunctions | + | + | + | + | ||
though/although, in spite of, despite | + | + | + | + | + | |
for and because | + | + | + | + | + | |
when, while, as to express time | + | + | + | + | + | |
as meaning when/while or because/since | + | + | + | + | + | |
as, when, while used to mean although, but, seeing that | + | + | + | + | ||
33. Purpose | ||||||
Purpose expressed by infinitive | + | + | + | + | + | |
Infinitives after go and come | + | + | + | |||
Clauses of purpose | + | + | + | + | ||
in case and lest | + | + | ||||
34. Clauses of reason, result, concession, comparison, time | ||||||
Reason and result/cause | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Result with such/so…that | + | + | + | + | ||
Clauses of concession | + | + | + | + | ||
Clauses of comparison | + | + | + | + | + | |
Time clauses | + | + | + | + | + | |
35. Noun clauses | ||||||
Noun clauses as subject | + | + | + | |||
that-clauses after certain adjectives/participles | + | + | + | + | ||
that-clauses after nouns | + | + | + | |||
Noun clauses as objects | + | + | + | + | ||
so and not representin a that-clause | + | + | ||||
36. Numerals, dates, and weights and measures | ||||||
Cardinal numbers | + | + | ||||
Points about cardinal numbers | + | + | ||||
Ordinal numbers | + | + | ||||
Points about ordinal numbers | + | |||||
Dates | + | + | ||||
Weights, length, liquids | + | + | ||||
37. Spelling rules | ||||||
Introduction | + | |||||
Doubling the consonant | + | |||||
Omission of the final e | + | |||||
Words ending in ce and ge | + | |||||
The suffix ful | + | |||||
Words ending in y | + | |||||
ie and ei | + | |||||
Hyphens | + | |||||
38. Phrasal verbs | ||||||
Introducton | + | + | ||||
Verb + preposition/adverb | + | + | + | + | + | |
Semantic categories of phrasal verbs | + | |||||
The sentence | ||||||
Sentence word order | + | + | + | |||
The simple sentence | + | + | + | |||
The compound sentence | + | + | + | |||
The complex sentence | + | + | + |