Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку
Автор: Г.П. Исаева
Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие построено на традиционных принципах методики и предназначено для студентов заочных отделений экономических вузов и факультетов, специализирующихся в области маркетинга и менеджмента, а также для широкого круга специалистов-экономистов, изучающих английский язык.
Основная цель данного пособия - сформировать у обучающихся умение читать и переводить оригинальную литературу по специальности и познакомить с вопросами управления и маркетинга в Англии и США. Тексты уроков подобраны из оригинальных источников.
Contents
Unit 1
Grammar:
1. Глаголы tobe, tohave.
2. Presentsimple.
3. Притяжательный падеж существительных.
4. Оборот there is, there are.
5. Неопределенные местоимения much, many, few, little.
Text. Economics
Unit 2
Grammar:
1. Порядок слов в английском повествовательном предложении.
2. Имя существительное в общем падеже в функции определения
3. Притяжательные местоимения.
Text. The market economy
Unit 3
Grammar:
1. Past simple.
2. Эмфатическийоборот itis (was)... That (who)
3. Числительные
Text. Marketing
Unit 4
Grammar:
1. Future simple.
2. Модальные глаголы
3. Text. Product, price, promotion and place: the four p’s of marketing
The economy of london
Unit 5
Grammar:
1. Participle ii.
2. Passive voice.
3. Сравнительные обороты.
Text. Industrial management
Unit 6
Grammar:
1. Perfecttenses.
2. Подчинительные союзы и союзные слова.
3. Побудительные предложения.
Text. Distributing the product
Text. Territorial and administrative division of government in the united kingdom
Unit 7
Grammar:
1. Participle i (present participle active).
2. Continuoustenses.
3. Безличные предложения с местоимением it.
4. Особые случаи образования множественного числа существительных.
Text. Production management the "five m's"
Unit 8
Grammar:
1. Правила согласования времен. Косвенная речь.
2. Future-in-the-past.
3. Бессоюзные определительные предложения.
4. This-these, that-those как заменители ранее стоящего существительного.
Text a. How competition benefits us all.
Text b. Competition in many markets: an example.
Unit 9
Grammar:
1. Passivevoice.
2. Пассивные конструкции характерные для английского языка.
3. Формы инфинитива.
Text. Management and control of companies
Unit 10
Grammar:
1. Функции инфинитива.
2. Инфинитив в функции определения и обстоятельства.
Text. The sources of business funds
Unit 11
Grammar:
1. Объектный инфинитивный оборот (the objective infinitive construction).
2. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (the subjective infinitive construction).
Text. Partnership
Unit 12
Grammar:
1. Герундий.
2. Герундиальные обороты.
Text. The federal reserve system
Other bank services
Unit 13
Grammar:
1. Participlei
2. Причастные обороты.
3. Независимые причастные обороты.
Text. Small business in the usa: an s-corporation is not always best.
Unit 14
Grammar:
1. Условные предложения (conditional sentences).
2. Бессоюзные условные предложения.
Text. Taxes, taxes, taxes
Appendix 1. States of the united states of america
Appendix 2. Counties of the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
Appendix 3. Administrative and territorial divisions of the russian federation
Appendix 4. Supplementary reading
Grammar: 1. Глаголыto be, to have.
3. Притяжательный падеж существительных.
4. Оборотthere is, there are.
5. Неопределенные местоимения much, many, few, little.
I. Language Practice
1. Practise the fluent reading and correct intonation:
ö Hello, John! ø Hello! `Howö are you? Thank ø you, I’m all ö right; ö Thank ø you, very ö well; ö Thank you, `not so ö well. `How are you ö doing? `How is ö business? `Not ö bad. `How’s ö life? öFine, `thanks. `How do you ø do? `Good ö morning! öMorning!`Good afterönoon! Good ö evening! ö Evening! Glad to ö meet you! `Haven’t `seen you for ö ages! It’s `good to `see you aögain! How `nice to see you aögain!
2. Listen to the speaker; read and memorize the following words and phrases:
1. to be concerned with - заниматься изучением чего-то
2. exchange - обмен
3. consumption - потребление
4. goods and services - товарыиуслуги
5. business enterprises - деловое предприятие
6. objective - цель
7. psychology [sai`k]lc®i] - психология
8. sociology - [ /sousi`]lc®i] - социология
9. behavior - [ bi`heivjc] - поведение
10. microeconomics - [/maikroui:kc`n]miks] - микроэкономика
11. interplay - взаимодействие
12. supply and demand - спрос и предложение
13. a competitive market - рынок конкурирующих продавцов
14. wage rates - ставки заработной платы
15. profit margins - коэффициенты прибыльности
16. rental changes - изменения арендной платы
17. consumer - потребитель
18. income - доход
19. entrepreneur - фр. [antrcprc`nc:(r)] - предприниматель
20. to deal with - заниматься чем-либо
21. employment - занятость
22. to increase - увеличивать
23. interest - процент
24. John Maynard Keynes - Джон Мейнард Кейнс
Text. Economics
Economics, social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed; history records changes in human objectives; sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.
Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.
The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments. Because, according to Keynes, inadequate aggregate demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.
II. Exercises on the Text:
3. Give Russian equivalents to:
social science; distribution of goods and services; to try to explain; sociology interprets human behavior; to create a multitude of individual prices; to spend their income; as much pleasure as possible; they maximize utility; for their part; to deal with modern explanation; prosperity and depression; demand for goods and services; business investors; according to Keynes; larger budget deficits.
4. Answer the following questions:
1. What is economics?
2. On what problems do economists focus their attention?
3. What do psychology and ethics try to explain?
4. What does sociology interpret in social contexts?
5. Into what fields can be standard economics divided?
6. What does microeconomics explain?
7. How do consumers try to spend their income?
8. Do they maximize utility?
9. What questions does the second field study?
10. Who is the author of the book «The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money»?
11. How does he explain prosperity and depression?
5. Write these phrases in the possessive form, i.e. with ‘s or ‘
1. the corporations of the nation.
2. the activities of the people.
3. the desires of consumers.
4. the image of a product.
5. the reputation of a seller.
6. the work of a day.
7. the economy of a country.
8. the problems of the economists.
9. the play of the government.
10. the works of Keynes.
11. the dollar of a consumer.
6. Give the comparative and superlative of the following:
Example: high -higher - the highest;
professional - more professional - the most professional.
efficient, rational, modern, total, large, rich, poor, little, good, traditional, important.
7. Translate the following into Russian:
1. There are, however, no «pure» market economies in the world today.
2. Economists note that there is no limit to the amount or kinds of things that people want.
3. There is, however, a limit to the resources.
4. In addition to buyers and sellers, there are several other essential elements in a market economy.
5. There are many buyers and sellers so that no individual or group can control prices.
6. There are two ways to earn income: from your work and from the use of your wealth.
8. Chose the right word to the words given in the first column:
| many | goods |
| much | economists |
| a lot of | enterprises |
| little | knowledge |
| few | markets |
| governments | |
| explanations | |
| time | |
| activities | |
| work |
9. Translate into Russian:
1. Economists have two ways of looking at economics and economy.
2. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole, microeconomics is the study of individual consumers and the business firm.
3. Each factor of production has a place in our economic system, and each has a particular function.
4. Price stability refers to times during which prices remain constant.
5. A budget is a financial plan that summarizes income and expenditures over a period of time.
6. Saving is one of the most important things that people do with their incomes.
7. Economic forces also affect decisions in the world of business.
8. The United States government also employs economists to study economic problems and to suggest ways to solve them.
9. Consumers are people who use goods and services to satisfy their wants.
10. Efficiency is a measure of how much we get for what we use.
11. Demand is a consumer’s willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place.
10. Translate English jokes.
A.: Our math professor talks to himself, does yours?
B.: Yes, but he doesn’t realize it. He thinks we’re listening.
¾---¾
I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go to the other room and read a book.
11. Read the text and retell the contents in Russian:
London
London (England), city in southeastern England, capital of Great Britain, at the head of the Thames estuary, west of its mouth on the North Sea. London is one of the world’s most important financial and cultural centers and is noted for its museums, performing arts, exchange and commodity markets, and insurance and banking functions, as well as a host of specialized services. In popular and traditional usage, the term City of London, or the City, is applied only to a small area (2.59 sq km/1 sq mi) that was the original settlement (ancient Londinium) and is now part of the business and financial district of the metropolis. The City of London and 32 surrounding boroughs form the Greater London metropolitan area, which has an area of 1579 sq km (610 sq mi).
Government
The London Government Act (1963) authorized the creation of a two-tiered government consisting of 32 borough councils and the Greater London Council. The borough councils are locally elected and are responsible for local functions. Until its abolition in 1986, the Greater London Council administered broad functions for the metropolitan area as a whole, such as overall planning, the coordination of transportation systems, and the management of parks. The council comprised 100 councilors, locally elected, and 15 aldermen, elected by the councilors.
The historic Corporation of the City of London is equivalent in function to a borough council. Since the reign of King John in the 13th century, citizens of the City of London have had the right to elect their own mayor. The corporation government is composed of the Lord mayor, who is elected annually by members of the livery companies (guilds); 25 aldermen, who are elected for life; and 153 council members, who are elected annually from 25 wards.
(From an Encyclopedia)
Grammar:1. Порядок слов в английском повествовательном предложении.
2. Имя существительное в общем падеже в функции определения
3. Притяжательныеместоимения.
I. Language Practice
1. Practise the fluent reading and correct intonation:
Good ø bye! `Bye ø bye! `So ø long! `See you ø soon! `See you ø later! `See you toømorrow! I `hope we’ll `see someö more of you! Good ø night! Good ø day! Re`member me to...
`May I intro`duce `Mr. ö N.? `How do you ö do? `Glad to ö meet you. `Pleased to ö meet you. ö Please, intro`duce me to your ö friend. `Let me intro`duce you to `Doctor ö M. `Meet `Mr ö F. `Meet my ö friend, `Doctor ö M.
`Many ö thanks. `Thanks a ö lot. `That’s ö nice of you. `Not at ö all! `That’s all ø right! `Don’t ö mention it!
2. Listen to the speaker; read and memorize the following words and phrases:
1. a buyer - покупатель
2. a seller - продавец
3. private property - частная собственность
4. to own - владеть
5. means of production - средства производства
6. incentive - стимул
7. to earn profits - получать прибыль
8. cost - цена, стоимость