The pressis a mirror of current events. This proves to be true when you lookthrough any newspaper. There are a lot of photoes, articles, shortand long, that inform readers of the latest events.
It hasbeen claimed that the British read more newspapers than any otherpeople throughout the United Kingdom.
AllBritish papers can be classified as either “quality” or“popular” papers. A “quality” paper is aserious national paper that aims at the educated reader. The bestknown British newspapers which give serious coverage of the news andcomment are “The Times”, “The Gardian”, “TheFinancial Times” and “TheIndependant”. They contain information on home and foreignaffairs, serious editorials, art andliterary reviews. They provide up-to-date financial information andproffesional advertiring.
Somenewspapers have colour supplement, with many photographs andadvertisements. A popular paper is a newspaper that is designed forthe undemanding reader. Such papers have brief and direct newsreports and a large number of photographs. Much attention is given topersonal stories. Especially when they mention a figure in the publiceye, such as a member of a royal family , a political figure or afilm star. The style of English in these newspapers is oftenconversational with much use of slang, catchy headlines. Among thesenewspapers are “The Daily Express”, “The DailyMirror”, “The Star”. In addition to national dailynewspapers there are nine national papers published on Sundays.Several of them include coloured magazines.
Stavropolis the main town of the Stavropol Territory. It is situated in theNorth Caucasus . Stavropol was founded in 1777 as a fortress. Apresen- day Stavropol is young and beautiful. Wide streets, spacioussquares, multi storeyed blocks of houses and offices add to thebeauty of the town. Stavropol in summer is one big park full offlowers.
Stavropolis a cultural center of the Stavropol Territory. There are threeuniversities, many colleges and schools here. Stavropol Drama Theatreis the oldest theatre in the North Caucasus. The town has a puppettheatre, a circus and many cinemas. There are many places of interestin Stavropol. Near the cinema “Rodina” you can see apiece of an ancient wall. You can also see a simbolic teht with thekey to the town. That’s the place from where our town began togrow.
You cansee a wonderful view of Stavropol from Komsomolskaya Gorka. It’sa monument to Russian soldiers who died that we might live.
There arethree big parks, we can say forests in our town.
Peoplelike to walk there, especially in fine weather.
TheBritish Library is the largest public library in Britain. It consistsof the Reference Division, the Bibliographic Service Division, theNational Sound Archive and the Research and Development Department inLondon, and the Lending Division in Yorkshire.
TheReference Division has its origins in the library departments of theBritish Museum founded in 1753. It is housed within the same 19thcentury building of the British Museum, with more than 9 millionbooks stored along two miles of shelving, and includes a GutenburgBible, the Magna Carta, medieval illuminated manuscripts and originaltects by Shakespeare, Dickens, da Vinci and many others. The ReadingRoom of the British Library is a centre of serious study in allfields. It is used by university professors and lecturers,and bythose who are engaged in research in therir spare time.
Therichness of the collections in different subjects makes the Libraryspecially useful for journalists and writers.
TheLibrary of Congress today is among the world’s largest. It wasestablished as a reference library in 1800, and occupied one room inthe building of the United States Capital Washington. Thesestructures hold more than 80 million items in collection of books,newspapers, periodicals, manuscripts, films, maps, and work of drama,music, and art. The Library’s archives keep a great number ofimportant and exciting documents from American history.
Mostpeople like animals. They keep animals at home as pets. Pets may bedifferent. People like dogs and cats, birds and hamsters, rabbi andhedgehoge, some people even like snakes.
But youcan’t keep any animals as a pet even if you like him very much.Can a crocodile make a good pet? Or a lion, or a tiger, or a bear?You may love them, but will they love you? Some day when they are bigthey may become dangerous.
As forme, I prefer dogs. They are so clever and truthful. When they look atyou with their beautiful eyes it seems to you that they understandyou but can’t talk.
Peopleteach dogs to understand commands, to do some tricks. And it thinkdogs teach people to be kinder, to think of others. People change forbetter when they keep pets.
Sure,pets need much care. You must keep the place where they sleep and eattidy and clean, you must give them three meals a day. Dogs need moreattention and care than cats. You must take then for walks at leasttwo times a day.
I have adog as a pet. His name is Ret. I like him very much. I bought him. Mydog is kind . He has a black nose, brown and black fur. My dog ispedigree. He likes to bathe. Ret enjoys Chappi and bones. I go for awalk with Ret. My father helps me to take care of the dog. I like Retvery much. Ret is a very big dog. He lives in the dog house . We likeRet.
We livein a big house. Our flat is on the 3-th floor. We have 3 rooms and akitchen. The flat /house/ has all modern conveniences: gas,electricity, central heating, cold and hot running water. It’sdifficult for my mother to run the house herself. I’m bigenough to help her. Everybody in our family has his own duties. Asfor me, my duty is to keep the right things in the right places. Itmeans that I must keep my room tidy and clean fold up my clothes.
Usually Itidy up twice a week, on Wednesday and on Saturday. I open the windowin any weather to air the room. After that I dust the furniture,water the flowers. We do not sweep the floor. We use a vacuum-cleanerfor this.
There isa lot of work in the kitchen. I clean the taps, iron the towels andcurtains, wash up after meals.
I do mybest to help my mother to run the house. And I’m glad whenmother is pleased with me.
SometimesI go shoping. I buy bread, butter, milk. My father’s duty is totake our dog for a walk. But he doesn’t like it. So I take mydog for a walks in the morning.
Everybody likesholidays. New Year, Christmas, May day and others. But these holidaysare for all. There is one holiday in a year that belongs only to you.It’s your birthday.
My birthday was on the5 of July. In the morning my parents wished me many happy returns ofthe day and gave me presents. Mother gave me a jeans, father boughtme a recorder. The day began wonderfully.
I invited my friendsto my birthday party. They came at 4 o’clock in the afternoonand brought me a lot of presents – books, sweets, toys.
Mother cooked manytasty, things, among them was a beautiful birthday cake with tencandles in it. I was ten that day. We enjoyed tea with the cake andsweets and fruit. After tea we had a lot of fun. We played games,danced and sang songs.
In the evening myGranny and Grandpa came. They brought me a lovely puppy as apresent. It has always been my dream to have a puppy! I thanked myGrandparents and kissed them. Really, I had a wonderful birthday.
Children all over theworld enjoy New Year. They known father frost will come and give thempresents. They like to have a fir-tree at home. It’s fun todecorate it with shiny toys and colored lights. And it’s niceto find a surprise under it in the morning. Children like to go to abig New Year party where they sing and dance around a beautiful NewYear tree.
I like it when FatherFrost comes together with Snow Maiden. Children recite poems, singsongs, then Father Frost gives them presents.
When I was little I belived that Father Frost and Snow Maiden were real. I was so upsetwhen I learn that they only actors. I like New Year Parties at home,too. Father buys a New Year tree. In the evening we decorate ittogether. There are many shiny balls, flags, lamps on the New Yeartree. Mother usually cooks a holiday dinner. There are so many tastythings on the table.
At 10 o’clockguests come. They wish us happy New Year. We watch holiday programsor TV. At 12 o’clock the Kremlin clock strikes and the New Yearcomes. We congratulate each other and gull our best wishes. I thinkNew Year is the best holiday.
Fables are short andwise stories about animals and people. They teach us to be kind andnot to boast. When we read fables we see people in the animals. Welaugh at silly and greedy characters. Fables teach us not to be sillyand to be pleased with what we have.
I want to tell you ashort story about a greedy lion. Once he caught a hare and wanted toeat it. But then he saw a deer, of course a deer is a bigger dinnerthan a hare, so the lion let the hare go and ran after the deer, butcouldn’t catch him. Now the lion had no dinner at all. Sometimes it is wiser to be pleased with what you have. People mustremember fables and the lessons they teach us.
We all love and admireEsop’s fables. Esop lived 2500 years ago in Greece. He told hisfables to many people and they remembered them. Millions of peopleall over the world now read Esop’s fables.
Summer is wonderful!There are many long sunny days and there is no school! There are newfriends and many interesting things to see and to do.
Some children spendtheir holidays at the seaside, some in the mountains and some in thecountry.
Isn’t it nice tospend some weeks out of a noisy town?
Isn’t it to walkin the green fields? To watch the clouds? To sit down by a river or alake on soft green grass? To climb the high hills? To swim and tofish? To play games outdoors all the time. I think I was the happiestof all because I was at a wonderful children’s camp. Childrenfrom different towns gather here every year.
In the morning we swamand bathed in the beautiful sea and played games on the yellow sand.In the evening we made a camp-fire, sat around it and sang songs. Weall became good friends.
The day to leave cametoo soon. We had a very good time at camp with our new friends.Children find a lot of things to enjoy, and the summer month go soquickly. Then autumn comes and school begins.
You can hardly find aboy or a girl who is not fond of reading. Books open a wonderfulworld to us. Many people have their own libraries at home. But stillthey go to public libraries to get one or another new book.
There is library inour school too. It’s not too big there is a wide choice ofbooks there. Fairy tales and war stories, poems and novels, sciencefiction and fables. You can come and choice a book to your liking.
The library beginsit’s work at 9 o’clock and is closed at 5. If you don’tknow what book to take, a librarian will help you with your choice. Apupil is allowed to take two books at a time. Books need care asanything else. Going to the library don’t forget the libraryrules.
Wash your handsbefore you begin to read.
Do not writeanything on the pages with a pen.
Do not makedrawings in the book.
Do not make dog’sears in the book.
Do not tear thepages.
Do not lose yourbooks or leave them in shops or buses. That means that you lose yourfriends.
Ifyou keep all these rules you’ll make a good reader. Books areour great friends. They
teach us a lot of useful things.
Whatis a hobby? It’s something that you like to do when you havetime to spare. People like to do different things, sometimes hobbiesare very unusual. Extravagant people prefer to collect some specialthings. I remember a film about a girl whose hobby was to collectechoes. She lived in the Crimea. She used to explore mountains on theshore, and she found different echoes there among the cliffs.
Therewas a man who collected old trains. Another man collected old cars.But such collections need a lot of money and the place where to keepthem. More often people are fond of collecting small things: stamps,match-boxes, coins, stickers.
Veryoften people collect stamps, envelopes, postcards. Its a traditionalhobby of most children. I should say that stamps open the world foryou. It’s interesting to imagine those countries from where theletters come. There in nothing better than to get a letter from yourpen-friend and to see a new stamp on it. Some of the stamps are verybeautiful. We learn many interesting things about these countries.Sometimes we stage fairy tales in English. Its great!
A year is long time.Lot’s of things happen in a year. There are four seasons in ayear. All the seasons are nice: spring, summer, autumn and winter.Spring is the morning of the year. In spring nature awakens and theweather gets warmer, warmer, warmer. The fields are covers with firstfresh green grass and flowers. The forests are filled with bird’ssongs. The sky is blue and sun shines brightly. At night millionsstars shine in the darkness.
When summer comes, theweather gets warmer and sometimes it’s very hot. It’sschool children’s holidays time. Some of them go to the seasidewith their parents, others go to the country. Summer is wonderful.It’s nice to walk in the green fields, to play with friends, toswim and to fish. Children find a lot of things to enjoy in summer.
After summer autumncomes. We call autumn a tasty season. It’s harvest time whencrops are gathered in. The days get shorter and nights get longer.The woods turn yellow-red and brown. Leaves begin to fall down thetrees. The sky is grey and it often rains.
When winter comes wespend more time at home, because it is cold. But when snow comes theground as a white carpet children like to play snowballs, to makesnowman, to skate, to ski.
It’shard to imagine our lives without books. We learn a lot ofinteresting things when we read books. Books are our great friend andteachers.
Iam fond of reading. I like to read adventure stories, fairy tales,history books.
Whenyou read books you find your selves in different lands. Together withthe characters of the books you climb high mountains, go by ship inthe stormy sea, fly into space. In a ward, you have a lot ofadventures.
Thereare books and writers that everybody knows. “Mary Poppins”by Pamela Travers, “Winnie-the-Pooh” by Alan Milne, andof course “The adventures of Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain.
Myfavorite book is “Tom Sawyer”. Tom Sawyer was a boy withwild imagination. He and his friends liked to play games, dreamt ofdifferent adventures. Tom was sometimes naughty and never quiet. Buthe was often noble and always bright and full of ideas, I also enjoybooks about animals. Have you ever heard of Bambi? He is a baby dearwho is famous all over the world. “Bambi” is a book by anAustrian writer Felix Salthen. It’s author is a poet who feelsnature deeply and loves animals.
Ihave a friend. His name is Denis. He is a pupil of the 8 form. He islovely boy with dark hair and brown eyes. He is 13. My friend is aclever and industrious boy. He studies well. Besides he is fond ofbasketball. He plays the basketball very well. My friend knows a lotof interesting things.
Denishas a sweet nature. He is attentive and thoughtful to people. Hehelps his parent about the house. He washes the dishes, tidies up theflat and goes shopping. Denis has a pet. It’s a dog. He takesgood care of his and always goes for a walk with him.
Wespend much time together, and almost never quarrel. On days-of we goto the cinema, and when the weather is fine we like to play outdoors.
WhatI like in him is that he always keeps his word and never boasts.
Thereis a proverb: a friend inneed is a friend indeed. And I may say, thatthese words are about my friend. Because he is always ready to helpme, when I am in troubles.
Ithink Denis is the very good friend.
Naturegives people everything they need for their lives. People have learntto use the soil, the water, the minerals on the earth and under theearth.
Forestsare the lungs of the planet. They give us fresh air, from the forestwe get wood to build the houses, the furniture and what-not. Paper isalso made from wood. Can you imagine our life without a common pieceof paper. No books, no newspapers. Terrible, isn’t it? Most ofour clothes are also made from natural material: leather, wool,cotton.
Peoplewill simply die if nature is spoiled. It may sound strange, but noone does more harm to nature than people do.
Plantsand factories throw their wastes into seas and oceans, pollute water,contaminate sea animals and fish. Some birds and animals havedisappeared from the earth in this century. People often killed themfor their beautiful skins and feather.
Buttoday there are people in all parts of the world who are trying toprotect wild animals and birds. There is even an internationalorganization called “Green Peace”. Reservations for rareplants and animals are set up in different parts of the world.Hunting is not allowed there.
Weall love our Earth. We love its green fields and forests, mountains,rivers and lakes. We must take care of every thing that grows andlives on the Earth.
Thousandsof people spend their holidays travelling. They travel by trains, bybuses, by sea, by air or in their own cars.
Alot of people travel in their own cars. Wonderful landscapes of ourcountry attract lovers of nature. People travel not only to enjoypicturesque places, but also to see ancient monuments and otherplaces of interest.
Hikingis becoming very popular. People like to spend their days-off in thecountry. Happy they return home to plan new hikes for the comingweekend.
Somepeople prefer travelling by train, others by sea. It’s verycomfortable, especially if you don’t feel seasick.
Infine weather the passengers
Ilike to look at the ship with its many decks and cabins. It lookslike a white flouting city. When the sea is a little rough, the shiprolls from side to side. Some passengers feel seasick.
Ilike to watch the sea-gulls, listen to their cries when they fly overthe waves.
It’salso fine to travel by trains. From a comfortable railway carriageyou have a splendid view of a country side.
Andof course it’s not bad to travel in a car. You may stop at anyplace you like, have lunch under a shady tree or swim in a cool riveror a like.
People all over theworld are fond of sport. Sport activities are very important for thegrowing organism of a child. Children showed not neglect this fact.
There are many sportclubs that they can join us. Light athletics gives much opportunityto those who go in for it. It includes track field events: running,long-jumping, high jumping, discus throwing and others.
Many children are fondof ball games: basketball, volleyball, football. They are so exiting.Besides they are played all year round. Children like to take part inthe competitions to see who is the quickest, the strongest, who canjump best, who is the best swimmer or player. Pupils in differentclasses hold competitions in different kinds of sport. Many boys andgirls show good results. All the competitions and games are verypopular with the pupils. A lot of fans always come to watch them.
My favorite sport is basketball. Basketball is a wonderful sport.It’s a good exercise too. It makes us strong and healthy.
Tobecome a good sportsman you must train a lot. If you want to be goodat something you have to work hard. Practice makes perfect.
The world is full ofwonderful things. You see the blue sky and the grey rain, the blacknight and the shiny stars, trees and mountains, seas and sunshine.These things are the world, and they are all around you.
It’s interestingto know why we need the Sun, why the moon is bright, what animalslive on the Earth.
The world we live onis a big round ball. It’s turning all the time, but we can’tfeel it.
The Sun shines on theEarth the rain falls on it.
Different plants growon the Earth, different animals live on it. The forests are full ofberries and mush rooms.
There is water aroundthe land. It’s called the World Ocean. There is life in theOcean too. Different sea animals and fishes live in the ocean.
Nature gives us everything we need for our life. People grow food on the ground. Animalsgive us meat and milk. We must take good care of nature.
Keep your eyes andears open and you’ll see a lot of interesting thing around you.
Myworking day begins rather early. I wake up at 6.30, I am not an early– riser and its difficult for me to get up so early. Then I goto the bathroom, wash my face, clean my teeth and comb my hair. Afterthat I dress myself.
In the morning I don’thave much time for breakfast, so I have a cup of tea with a sandwich.Then I take my schoolbag and run to the bus stop. My way to school israther hard because of the traffic. I live rather far from school. Ittakes me nearly 40 minutes to get there. The buses and trolley-busesare usually overcrowded in the morning. And it’s a problem toget into it. I must elbow my way to stand somewhere in the corner.Nobody can call such a ride a pleasure, neither can I.
At last I am atschool, and the day’s work begins. Usually we have six or sevenlessons a day with ten minute breaks.
At 1.30 the school isover. But my working day is not, I have to do my homework at 2.00p.m. I come home, change my clothes, wash my hands and have dinner.After dinner I have a short rest and then I do my homework.
Most of all I likeevening hours, when the family gets together. We like to have dinnertogether and speak about our problems. Then we watch TV, or read. At11 o’clock I go to bed. At 6.30 in the morning the alarm clockwakes me up, and I am happy to start a new day.
Inthe USA different states celebrate different holidays, but everyoneremembers the 4thof July, “Independence day”. On this day in 1776 Americasigned the Declaration of Independence. On that day people go outinto the streets and take part in the parades. The second bigAmerican festival is Thanksgiving day. It is celebrated in November.American families meet for a special dinner, usually with turkey,pumpkin and pies. They give thanks to God for the past year, rememberthe first harvest of European Americans in 1621.
Children always havefun at Halloween on October 31. They dress up as ghosts and witches.They go from house and say “Trick or Treat”. If they geta “treat”, they go away happy. But if they don’t,they play a “trick”. They might put soap on the windowsor throw ----------- ??? in the garden.
Februarythe 14this Saint Valentine’s Day. People send valentine cards to theirsweethearts of friends with words of love.
Christmas iscelebrated at the end of December. It’s a religious holiday,the birth of Jesus Christ. By this day people decorate fir-trees withtoys and lights. Christmas is a very busy time. People hurry to theshops to buy presents for their nearest and dearest. On New Year’sDay most people stay up all night, even children. At midnight they gooutside and shout “Happy New Year!”
GreatBritain is not large. It takes just six hours in a fast train fromLondon to Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Great Britain lies notfar from continent of Europe. It is separated from the continent bythe North Sea and English Channel.”Great Britain” hasseveral different names. Some people say “Britain” or“the United Kingdom”, or just “UK”. There arefour different countries in the United Kingdom: England, Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland. Britain is only a small country, butevery part is different. Scotland is a land of mountains, lakes andromantic castles. The winters are cold, with plenty of snow, but thesummers are often warm and sunny. Most farmers keep sheep and thereare many small factories, which make fine sweaters from their wool.
NorthernIreland has its problems but it has beauty too. In the warm wetclimate, the grass grows a brilliant green, and much of the land isfarming country. Wales is a special place, a country of mountains andpretty valleys. But Wales has plenty of industry too, with manyfactories and coalmines. The Midlands, known as the heart of Englandis the largest industrial part in the country. The most importantindustrial cities are Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, which is oneof Britain’s big parts, and Birmingham. The two famous Midlandscities, Stratford on Avon and Oxford are connected with Englishculture: Stratford is the birthplace of great William Shakespeare andOxford is famous for its university.
TheUnited States of America -the richest and one of the biggestcountries in the world - has several names. People say “TheUnited States”, “The States”, “America”or just “the USA” or “the US”.
There arefifty states in the USA and over 200 million, people live in them.There is no “American climate” or “Americancountryside”. Every part of the country is different, fromAlaska in the north, covered with snow and ice, to tropical Floridain the south.
TheAmerican Indians were the first people to live in that vast land.They had a fascinating, ancient culture, and rich traditions oflanguage and customs. But then, the immigrants came. Most came fromEurope, but there were also many from the Middle East and Africa.
You canfind almost anything in America. There are mountains and deserts, oldchurches and moon rockets, homes with three cars and homes with noelectric lights at all.
TheUnited States is a young country. Its written history is only a fewhundred years old. It is sometimes, in fact, called the “NewWorld”. Over the last four hundred years millions of peoplehave come to start a new life in this “New World”.Americans are not afraid of new ideas. They built the firstskyscrapers and they put the first man on the Moon. They like to bemodern. They like exciting, modern cities, new houses, and new cars.At the same time, Americans love old things. They like to visithistoric houses and museums. They build old pioneer houses andremember the days of “Wild West”. Americans areinterested in old traditions, but they are good at making newtraditions too.
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world.The vast territory of the Russian Federation stretches from theBaltic Sea in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East, from theArctic Ocean in the North to the Black Sea in the South. Due to thelarge territory the climate and nature are of various types in Russia. The climate of Siberia is continental with very cold winters andhot and dry summers. The climate in the central part of Russia israther mild. In the south of Russia the climate is subtropical.
Russia isa country of thick forests, high mountains and long rivers. Thelongest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob., Yenissei and theLena in Asia. Lake Baikal is the biggest and the deepest in theworld. It’s famous for its crystal clean water.
Russia isrich in natural resources such as gas, oil, coal. Russia hasone-sixth of the world forests.Our country has a glorious history.Russian people suffered from many wars. But they never attacked anyother country.
Russiagave the world such famous writers and poets as Tolstoi, Dostoevsky,Pushkin. Such composer as Tchaikovvsky, Glinka, Borodin are admiredin the world. The emblem of Russia is a double-headed eagle, the mostancient symbols. The symbol of Russia is a three-coloured flag. Ishas three horizontal stripes: white, blue, red. White representspeace, blue represents loyality, and red stands for valour. Thecapital of Russia is Moscow.