[4] И в дальнейшем в работе под словами “коренное население”, “коренные американцы” и т.д. понимаются родившиеся в стране, а не индейское население США.
[5] Katenberg W. H. The Irony of Identity: An Essay on Nationalism, Liberal Democracy, and Parochial Identities in Canada and the United States // American Quarterly. V. 47 (September 1995). P. 495.
[6] Higham J. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925. N.Y., 1977. P.4.
[7] Cordasco F. Dictionary of American Immigration History. Metuchen, N.J., 1990. P.551.
[8] Higham J. Strangers in the Land. P.4; Idem. The Strange Career of 'Strangers in the Land' // American Jewish History. V. 76 (1986). P. 224.
[9] Kraut A. M. The Huddled Masses: The Immigrant in American Society, 1880-1921. Arlington Heights (Ill.), 1982. P.150.
[10] Богина Ш.А. Иммигрантское население США. Л. 1971. С.231.
[11] Tyler A. F. Freedom's Ferment: Phases of American Social History to 1860. Minneapolis, 1944. P. 351; См. также: Billington R.A. The Protestant Crusade, 1800-1860. N.Y., 1939.
[12] Higham J. The Strange Career of ‘Strangers in the Land’. P. 217.
[13] Higham J. Strangers in the Land. P. 4.
[14] Higham J. The Construction of American History // The Reconstruction of American History. N.Y., 1962. P. 22-24.
[15] Glazer N., Moynihan D. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto-Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Cambridge (Mass.), 1963.
[16] Gordon M. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origin. N.Y., 1964. P. 132-154.
[17] Murray R. Red Scare: A Study of National Hysteria, 1919-1920. Minneapolis, 1955. Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955. P. 82-93.
[18] Coben S. A Study of Nativism: The American Red Scare, 1919-1920 // Political Science Quarterly. V. 79 (1964). P. 35-75.
[19] Holt M. F. The Politics of Impatience: The Origins of Know-Nothingism // Journal of American History. V. 60 (1973). P. 309-331.
[20] Hayes S. P. The Social Analysis of American Political History, 1880-1920 // Political Science Quarterly. V. 80 (1965); Hayes S. P. History as Human Behavior // Iowa Journal of History. V. 58 (1960). P. 193-206; Kousser J. M. The New Political History: A Methodological Critique // Reviews in American History. V. 4 (1976). P. 1‑14; Lichtman A. Political Realignment and 'Ethnocultural' Voting in Late Nineteenth-Century America // Journal of Social History. V. 16 (1983). P. 55-82; Benson L. The Concept of Jacksonian Democracy: New York as a Test Case. Princeton, 1961; Jensen R. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896. Chicago, 1971; McSeveny S. T. The Politics of Depression: Political Behavior in the Northeast, 1893-1896. N.Y., 1972; Luebcke F. Immigrants and Politics: The Germans of Nebraska, 1880-1900. Lincoln, 1969; McCormick R. L. Ethno-Cultural Interpretation of American Voting Behavior // Political Science Quarterly. V. 89 (1974). P. 351-377; Swierenga R. D. Ethno-Cultural Political Analysis: A New Approach to American Ethnic Studies // Jewish American Studies. V. 5 (1971). P. 59-79; McSeveny S. T. Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Conflict, and Recent Quantitative Research in American Political History // International Migration Review. V. 7 (1973). P. 14-23, etc.
[21] Formisano R The Birth of Mass Political Parties: Michigan, 1827-1861. Princeton, 1971. P. 166.
[22] См. также: Holt M. Forging a Majority: The Formation of a Republican Party in Pittsburgh, 1848-1860. Princeton, 1971.
[23] Gleason P. American Identity and Americanization // Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, ed. S. Thernstrom. Cambridge (Mass.), 1990. P. 31-58.
[24] Ibid. P. 35.
[25] Benson L. The Concept of Jacksonian Democracy: New York as a Test Case. Princeton, 1961. P. 214.
[26] Подробнее об этом, например, см.: Elson R. M. Guardians of Tradition: American Schoolbooks of the 19th Century. Lincoln, 1964.
[27] Berquist J. M. The Concept of Nativism in Historical Study since 'Strangers in the Land' // American Jewish History. V. 76 (1986). P. 139.
[28] Higham J. Current Trends in the Study of Ethnicity in the United States // Journal of American Ethnic History. V. 2 (1982). P.9.
[29] См. вступление к сборнику эссе: Ignatieff M. Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism. N.Y., 1993.
[30] Katerberg W. H. Op. Cit. P. 497.
[31] Ibid. P. 514.
[32] Wiebe R. H. The Search for Order, 1877-1920. N.Y., 1967. P. 12.
[33] Kirkland E. Industry Comes of Age: Business, Labor, and Pulic Policy, 1860-1897. N.Y., 1961. P. 325-26.
[34] Brody D. Steelworkers in America: The Nonunion Era. Cambridge (Mass.), 1960. Preface.
[35] См., например: Clark V. C. History of Manufacturers in the United States. 3 vols. N.Y., 1929. Vol. 2. P. 447-48.
[36] Brody D. Op.Cit. P. 2-26.
[37] Brody D. Op.Cit. P. 27.
[38] Об этом см.: Boulding K. The Organizational Revolution: A Study in the Ethics of Economic Organization. N.Y., 1953.
[39] Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955. P. 214.
[40] Hays S. P. The Response to Industrialism: 1885-1914. Chicago, 1957. P. 48-71
[41] Ibid. P. 44.
[42] Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955. P. 38-56.
[43] Jaher F. C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism // The Age of Industrialism in America: Essays in Social Structure and Cultural Values. Ed. by F.C. Jaher. N.Y., 1968. P. 209-211.
* The Historical Statistics of the United States. Part 1. Series C 91-101. Immigrants by Country: 1820 to 1970. P. 105-106.
[44] Briggs V. M. Immigration Policy and American Labor Force. Baltimore, 1984. P. 32.
* The Historical Statistics of the United States. Part 1. Series C 91-101. Immigrants by Country: 1820 to 1970. P. 105-106.
* The Historical Statistics of the United States. Part 1. Series C 130-136. Immigrants by Major Occupation Group: 1820 to 1970. P. 111.
[45] Brody D. Op.Cit. P. 120.
[46] Об истории американского города в этот период см. обзорную работу: Mohl R. A. The New City: Urban America in the Industrial Age, 1860-1920. Arlington Heights (Ill.), 1985.
[47] Twelfth Census of the United States. 1900. Vol. 1. Population. Part 1. Washington, D.C., 1901. P. cx.
[48] Подробнее об этом см. в книге Аллана Краута.
[49] Mann A. Gompers and the Irony of Racism // Antioch Review. V. 13 (June 1953). P. 208-12.
[50] Ibid. P. 213-14.
[51] Hofstadter R. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR. N.Y., 1955. P. 61-88.
[52] Ibid. P. 88.
[53] The Cyclopedia of Fraternities. 2nd ed. N.Y., 1907. P. 290-309.
[54] Ibid. P. 311.
[55] Ibid. P. 313-315.
[56] Ibid. P. 301, 316.
[57] Lipset S.M., Rabb E. The Politics of Unreason: Right Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970. N. Y., 1970. P. 82.
[58] Curran T. J., Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930. Boston, 1975. P. 94; Davies W. E. Patriotism on Parade: The Story of Veterans’ and Hereditary Organizations in America. Cambridge (Mass.), 1955. P. 295; Dearing M. R. Veterans in Politics: The Story of the GAR. Baton Rouge, 1952. P. 408.
[59] The Cyclopedia of Fraternities. P. 213, 292, 309, 310 ff.
[60] Kinzer. Op.Cit., P.56-57.
[61] Ibidem.
[62] Принятое в американской литературе название представителей элиты из Новой Англии.
[63] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. P. 197.
[64] To F.S. Simpson, August 15, 1880 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters. P. 47.
[65] Цит. по: Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. P. 199.
[66] Ibidem.
[67] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. P. 200; Norton to L. Stephen, January 8, 1896 // Letters of Charles Eliot Norton. Vol. II. P. 236-37; To E.L. Godkin, July 21, 1900 // Ibid., II. P. 293-294.
[68] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. P. 203.
[69] Jaher F.C. The Boston Brahmins in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. P. 206.
[70] To R. Grant, September 29, 1886 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters. P. 66.
[71] To R. Tompson, December 17, 1893 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters. P. 108-109.
[72] To R. Tompson, February 3, 1893 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters. P. 107-108.
[73] Kelly R. The Cultural Pattern of American Politics: The First Century. N.Y., 1979. P. 266, 269, 270; Solomon B. M. The Intellectual Background of the Immigration Restriction Movement in New England // New England Quarterly. V. 25 (1952). P. 47-59. См. стр. 57-58.
[74] Цит. по: Strout C. The American Image of the Old World. N.Y., 1963. P. 141, 144-146.
[75] Цит. по: Ibid. P. 145.
[76] To Sir R. White-Thompson, April 4, 1898 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters. P. 120.
[77] To Sir R. White-Thompson, September 12, 1898 // Barrett Wendell and His Letters. P. 122.
[78] Higham J. Origins of Immigration Restriction, 1882-1897: A Social Analysis // Mississippi Valley Historical Review. V. 39 (1952). P. 84.
[79] Gossett T. S. Race: The History of an Idea in America. Dallas, 1963. P.58-60.
[80] Ibid. P.60-81.
[81] Squire S. An Enquiry into the Foundation of the English Constitution; or, An Historical Essay upon the Anglo-Saxon Government both in Germany and England. London, 1745; Turner S. The History of the Anglo-Saxons, from Their First Appearance above the Elbe, to the Death of Egbert. London, 1799; Palgrave F. The Rise and Progress of English Commonwealth, 2 vols. London, 1832; Kemble J. M. The Saxons in England. London, 1849.
[82] Bancroft G. The History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent. Boston, 1860.
[83] Motley J. L, The Rise of the Dutch Republic, A History. N.Y., 1855; William Hickling Prescott: Representative Selections with Introduction, Bibliography, and Notes. N.Y., 1943; Lieber F. On Civil Liberty and Government Philadelphia, 1859; Francis Parkman: Representative Selections, ed. William L. Schramm. N.Y., 1938.
[84] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.101-102.
[85] Ibid. P. 105.
[86] Adams H. B. The Germanic Origin of New England Towns // John Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. V. 1 (1883) Section 2. P. 5-38.
[87] Burgess J. Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law, 2 vols. Boston, 1890. V.1. P.33, 37-38. Хорошим свидетельством его расистских воззрений является речь в Кельне 1906 г., см. Burgess J. W. Reminiscences of an American Scholar. N.Y., 1966. P. 381-400.
[88] Dyer T. G. Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race. Baton Rouge, 1980. P.19, 168.
[89] Ibid. P. 14.
[90] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.115-117
[91] Анализ взглядов известных историков на эту тему см. в: Saveth E. N., American Historians and European Immigrants, 1875-1925. N.Y., 1965.
[92] Цит. по: Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P. 95.
[93] Dyer T. Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race. P. 23.
[94] Dyer T. Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race. P. 29.
[95] Commons J. R. Races and Immigrants in America. N.Y., 1907. P. 12.
[96] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P. 145.
[97] Об этом он пишет в: Spencer H. The Man Versus the State. N.Y., 1884.
[98] Цит по: Youmans E. L., ed., Herbert Spencer on the Americans, and the Americans on Herbert Spencer. N.Y., 1883. P.19-20.
[99] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.152; Spencer H, Principles of Sociology. N.Y., 1890-96. V.2, part 3. P.584-85; Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer, ed. David Duncan. N.Y., 1908. V. 1. P.380-81. V.2. P. 121, 135-36, 190.
[100] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.153.
[101] Ibid. P.154.
[102] Sumner W. G. The Challenge of Facts and Other Essays. N.Y., 1914. P.302‑3.
[103] Gossett T. Race: The History of an Idea in America. P.154.
[104] Galton F. Inquiries Into Human Faculty and Its Development. 2nd ed. London, 1951. Introduction.
[105] Galton F. Hereditary Genuis: An Inquiry Into its Laws and Consequencies. 3d ed. London, 1914. P. 413.
[106] Himmelfarb G, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution, 2nd edition. N.Y., 1962. P.402.
[107] Galton F. Hereditary Genuis: An Inquiry Into its Laws and Consequencies. P. 392.
[108] Ibid. P. 398, 413.
[109] См., например: Bell A. G. How to Improve the Race.// Journal of Heredity. V..5 (January 1914).