1. If you had translated the article, you could have used valuable data in your work.
2. If the quality of the equipment were higher, the results of the experiment would be
more accurate.
3. It would be impossible to explain chemical phenomena without using the laws of
physics.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1-го по 5-й абзацы текста Перепишите и
письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы
Пояснения к тексту
1. to account for - объяснять
2. to put an end - положить конец
3. as early as - ещё.
The moon
1. The moon is the only astronomical body whose distance from the Earth can be
measured in thousands of kilometers. Long before the dawn of written history the Moon
was paid much attention to by man who was interested and attracted by the presence in
the sky of a planet that was so clearly seen from the Earth.
2. In the middle ages the moon was supposed to have a smooth crystalline surface like
a mirror and that the dark spots on the Moon were accounted for1 by the fact that the
Earth was reflected on its surface. However, with the help of the first little telescope that
was turned by Galileo upon the Moon this conception was put an end2 to as early as3
1609. Galileo thought that he saw mountains and valleys, seas and continents on the
Moon.
3. The view of the Moon has been obtained with the help of a series of automatic lunar
stations named "Luna".
4. Having been transmitted by these stations, the photos and panoramas have shown
that the surface of the Moon is uneven and rugged, with many hills and cavities like
volcanic craters, a few of them measuring some kilometers in diameter. A great number
of stones lying on the Moon's surface proved the lunar ground to be firm enough and it
would not sink if it were stepped on, walked across or put some heavy weight upon.
Man's knowledge of the Moon is rapidly progressing, new data being constantly
reported.
5. The mutual attraction of the Moon and the Earth for one another is accounted for by
the force of gravitation. American astronauts landed on the Moon and brought
specimens of Moon rock and a series of photographs for further study.
V. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос: What is the mutual attraction of the Moon and the Earth accounted for?
Контрольное задание № 5
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 5, необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Грамматические функции глаголов should, would.
2. Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные придаточным
предложениям
3. Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for, since, both ... arid,
either... or,
neither... nor.
| Образец выполнения (к упр. Ill) |
As
1. As there were many new words in the
text I used a dictionary.
2. Electricity is a source of light as well as
of heat.
3. As to (as for) the computer it can handle
enormous quantity of data per second.
4.1 have done the work as it was required.
Because, because of
1. We use these films because they possess superior properties. 2.The engineers prefer electronic devices because of their reliability.
Due to
1. Plastics are in wide use due to their light weight.
For
1. For a long time wood was being applied
for housing construction.
2. We could not translate this text for it
contained unknown terms.
Так как в тексте было много новых слов,
я пользовался словарём.
Электричество - это источник света, а
также тепла.
Что касается компьютера, то он может в
секунду обработать огромное число
данных.
Я сделал работу, как это требовалось.
Мы используем эти плёнки, так как они обладают превосходными свойствами Инженеры предпочитают электронные приборы вследствие их надёжности
Пластики находят широкое применение благодаря их лёгкому весу
В течение долгого времени дерево
использовалось для строительства
домов.
Мы не смогли перевести этот, так как
он содержал неизвестные термины.
Since
1. Man used wood for construction since С древних времён человек использовал
ancient times. древесину для строительства.
2. Since the experiment was finished the Так как эксперимент был закончен,
students left the lab. студенты ушли из лаборатории.
Both... and
1. Electronics helps us to study both the Электроника помогает нам изучить как atomic nucleus and elementary particles. атомное ядро, так и элементарные
частицы.
Either... or
1. Motors run on either direct or alternating Моторы работают или на постоянном
current. или
переменном токе.
Neither... nor
1. There is neither oil nor coal in this В этом районе нет ни нефти, ни угля, region.
Вариант 1
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would
1. The engineer should know both the advantages and the disadvantages of the
materials used.
2. Without mathematics there would be no science, no electronic computers, no
conquest of space.
3. If we placed this material in vacuum, its mechanical properties would be changed.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во
внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным
предложениям.
1. The method used depends on the length to be measured.
2. Silicon is known to be the basic material for electric industry.
3. Any element is characterized by a certain number of protons in the nucleus, this
number being the same as the number of electrons in the atom.
4. Unless treated this material must not be used in space technology.
5. We believe Pythagoras to have been the founder of a school to train students in
mathematical thinking.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание
на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. Radar is used in airplane and ship navigation as well as in other fields of science and
engineering.
2. The transformer is a device used for raising or lowering voltage.
3. The new plastics will be used as insulators both in electrical and electronic circuits.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,4 и 5 абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. vacuum tube - электронная лампа
2. operating current - рабочий ток
3. transistorized circuitry - цепь, собранная на транзисторах
4. tunnel diode - туннельный диод
5. ring radio set - радиоприёмник, встроенный в кольцо.
Electronics
1. То separate electronics from the concepts of electricity is extremely difficult. The
field of electricity is generally concerned with magnetism, light, heating and the
production of electricity by generators and chemical action.
2. Electronics usually deals with the application of electricity in communications, in
radio, television and other devices where vacuum tubes1 and transistors are employed.
We know the vacuum tube and the transistor to be major components of various
electronic devices.
3. The many disadvantages of vacuum tubes include high cost, bulky construction,
high amount of operating current2, limited life and high operating temperature. However
the vacuum tube is ideal in many situations where electrical energy is readily available
and where heat is no problem.
4. A more recent invention - the transistor is known to have replaced the vacuum tube
in many situations. The transistor operates on a minimum amount of electrical energy,
emits very little heat and has a long life. The transistor is tiny compared to the size of
the vacuum tube of equivalent energy output. This feature has permitted an electronic
circuit to be so small that the electronic technician uses magnifying lenses to aid him in
his circuit construction and repair.
5. Later research has revealed a device which has revolutionized the field of transistor,
Lew Esaki, discovered a simple semiconductor class of crystal that is even more
amazing than the transistor. The tunnel diode4, as it is called, operates on a negligible
amount of electric current, its diameter being some few thousandths of an inch. With
such a transistor man will be able to see telephones to be worn on wrists, pocket-size
TV sets and ring radio sets5.
6. Several recent developments in the field of electronics have led to better ways to
communicate efficiently over long distances. The maser and the laser permit man to
beam extremely coherent and concentrated energy with almost no loss of intensity.
Lasers and masers are known to have been used for transmitting power, radio waves
and other waves used in communication.
V. Прочитайте 6-ой абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: Where will lasers and masers be used?
Вариант 2
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
1. Mention should be made that during the war the radar was being used for detecting
airplanes.
2. Any explanation of how the sun generates heat by fission would have been
impossible 60 years ago.
3. If we had used solar energy on a wide scale we should have found a solution to our
energy problems.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во
внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным
предложениям.
1. The atoms are usually combined chemically into groups called molecules, these
molecules being in constant motion.
2. In order to calculate the volume of any object you must measure its height, width and
depth.
3. The rays passing through the object being examined produce an image on X-ray film.
4. The engineers are interested in plastics because they offer a rare combination of
properties found in no other materials.
5. Electrical forces seem to play a very important part in holding crystals together.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание
на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. As to this device it is capable to convert sunlight to another form of energy.
2. Neither plastics nor metals have all the desirable properties that the engineer looks
for.
3. The structure of the atom is similar to a planetary system since electrons orbit around
a central nucleus.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. Crookes tube - трубка Крукса
2. an X-ray film - рентгеновская плёнка
3. forgery - подделка
4. strain - биологический штамм
X-Rays
1. The modern atomic age which we live in began because of an accidental discovery
In 1895 a German scientists named Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the existence of X-
rays. Many scientists had studied these rays but no one had discovered that when
these cathode rays struck the glass wall of Crookes tube1 X-rays were created.
2. Roentgen also revealed that these X-rays could pass through solid matter and
expose an X-ray film2. This discovery led immediately to the use of X-rays in medicine,
the use we are all familiar with.
3. Although Roentgen discovered the properties of X-rays he did not know what rays
were. He therefore called them X-rays, the X standing for their unknown nature. Today
scientists know X-rays to be electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency and
therefore of extremely short-wave length. X-rays are considered to be produced
whenever rapidly moving electrons bombard any solid material. The greater the atomic
weight of the material, the more plentiful the X-rays, the greater the speed of the
electrons the higher the frequency of the X-rays.
4. As mentioned above X-rays were in a wide use for diagnostic purposes in medicine
since their discovery. Industrial radiology has been discovered later particularly for
inspecting welds and castings in the automobile and airplane industries. Flaws and
cracks inside the metal are readily revealed due to the use of X-ray techniques. Famous
paintings are often X-rayed to determine whether they are the originals or forgeries3.
5. Using X-rays irradiation the scientists have learnt to change structures of well-
known materials such as metals, ceramics, etc. They could obtain materials of greater
strength with higher melting point and particular electrical properties.
6. Radiation is known to -be a multagenic agent. In microbiology mutations are
increased by irradiation. When a large-scale production of penicillin was introduced the
best strain4 yielded 100-200 units of penicillin. Being Irradiated with X-rays, the same
strain produced more than 1,000 units. Many new uses have been found for this
treatment in agriculture.
V. Прочитайте 6-ой абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: What increase was obtained in the productivity of penicillin being irradiated with X-rays?
Вариант 3
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
1. Without progress in the field of electronics it would be impossible to develop either
energetics or automation.
2. If we used new plastics materials we should reduce the weight of artificial satellites.
3. You should test the new equipment.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во
внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным
предложениям.