1. Energy can exist in many forms and each form can be transformed into the other.
2. The computers should become an integral part of the organization of industrial
processes of all types.
3. These metal parts had to be subjected to x-ray examination.
4. There are several kinds of fishes, which are able to generate electricity strong
enough to run an electric motor.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту.
1. honorary board - доска славы, почёта
2. in compiling this - собирая все факты и материалы
3. some sixty in all - всего около шестидесяти
4. verbally-устно.
D.I. Mendeleyev (1834-1907)
1. A Russian name appeared in 1964 on the honorary board1 of science at Bridgeport
University, USA: Mendeleyev was added to the list of the greatest geniuses - Euclid,
Archimedes, Copernicus, Galiley, Newton and Lavoisier. D. I. Mendeleyev, the explorer
of nature, is the greatest chemist of the world. The Mendeleyev system has served for
almost 100 years as a key to discovering new elements and it has retained its key
capacity until now.
2. D. I. Mendeleyev was the fourteenth, and last child of the director of the Gymnasium
at Tobolsk. At 16 he was taken by his mother to St. Petersburg to seek higher
education. He entered the Pedagogical Institute where his father has also studied. In
1856 he took a degree in chemistry and in 1859 he was sent for further training. He
returned to St. Petersburg in 1861 as Professor of chemistry.
3. In 1868 Mendeleyev began to write a great text-book of chemistry, known in its
English translation as the "Principles of chemistry". In compiling this2 he tried to find
some system of classifying the elements - some sixty in all3 then known - whose
properties he was describing. This led him to formulate the Periodic Law, which earned
him lasting international fame. He presented it verbally4 to the Russian Chemical
Society in October 1868 and published it in February 1869.
4. In this paper he set out clearly his discovery that if the elements are arranged in
order of their atomic weights, chemically related elements appear at regular intervals.
The greatness of Mendeleyev's achievement lies in the fact that he had discovered a
generalization that not only unified an enormous amount of existing information but
pointed the way to further progress.
V. Прочитайте 1 и 4 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.
1. Whose name appeared on the honorary board of science at Bridgeport University,
USA, in 1964?
2. What is D. I. Mendeleyev?
3. What purpose has the Mendeleyev system served for almost 100 years?
4. What did Mendeleyev discover?
5. What does the greatness of Mendeleyev's achievement lie in?
Вариант 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-
сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод
пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies in the
Universe.
2. The laboratory assistant was writing down all the data during the experiment.
б) 1. The launching of Sputnik 1 was followed by many achievements in science and
engineering. 2. Mendeleyev was appointed Rector when he was 35 years old.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и
установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением,
обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
1. These reactions convert hydrogen into helium, giving off a great amount of light and
heat.
2. Soils containing too much sand or clay are of less value in agriculture.
3. Plastics articles are often difficult to repair if broken.
4. The amount of heat generated depends on the quality of fuel used.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский
язык.
1.These new materials had to withstand much higher temperatures than metals.
2.Laser light can be used to transmit power of various types.
3.This equipment should be tested in various conditions.
4.The consequences of the pollution of the atmosphere by different products are to be
carefully studied.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. Meitner - Майтнер
2. doctorate - докторская степень
3. then available - доступные в то время
4. illustrious - прославленный, известный
5. productive - плодотворный.
Lise Meitner1
In 1938, an Australian physicist named Lise Meitner announced the splitting of the atom in the laboratory. That announcement confirmed once again the beginning of the
Atomic Age. At that time Lise Meitner was one of the few persons in the world who had a thorough understanding of atomic energy and the uses which could be made of this great power.
2. Lise Meitner, the daughter of a lawyer, was born in Vienna on the 17th of November
1878. She grew interested in science when she read of the Curies discovery of radium.
The example of Marie Curie showed that a woman was able to achieve something in
science. Lise Meitner became the first woman in the history of the University of Vienna
who earned her doctorate2 in physics.
3. In 1906 she went to the University of Berlin to continue her studies by attending the
theoretical lectures of Max Planck and by doing experimental work. Then she began her
research in the new field of radioactivity. She focused her attention on the behavior of
beta radiation from radioactive elements, experimenting with the primitive methods then
available3 for measuring and analyzing radioactivity.
4. In 1938 she left Germany for Sweden. Lise Meitner declined to work on the
development of the atom bomb remaining in Sweden throughout the war. She was
concerned with the properties of new radioactive isotopes, produced by the cyclotron.
Her career was illustrious4 and productive5 (she published more than 135 scientific
papers), but throughout her life she remained a shy person, with a deep interest in
music. Her devotion to science had been total. She never married. In 1960 she moved
to Cambridge, England, where she died in 1968.
V. Прочитайте 1 и 4 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы
1. What was Lise Meitner'?
2. What did she do in 1938?
3. Did she work on the development of atom bomb?
4. What was she concerned with?
5. What kind of person was she?
Вариант 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-
сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод
пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Quantum mechanics has greatly influenced the nuclear theory.
2. The workers were mounting the new machine-tools from 5 to 7 o'clock.
б) 1. Many compounds can be decomposed when they are acted upon by different
forms of energy. 2, The engineers were asked to make an experimental model of the device.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и
установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением,
обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого Переведите предложения на
русский язык
1. Natural rubber is a thermoplastic material that becomes soft when heated and hard
when cooled.
2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.
3. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.
4. While bombarding the upper layers of the atmosphere, cosmic rays reach the surface
of the earth.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский
язык.
1. A great number of plastics should find their application in the electric industry.
2. Chemical means had to be used for the separation of compounds into their elements.
3. No man is able to do 500.000 sums in one second but a computer can.
4. Any atomic station can be built in any region where its power is to be used.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. Raman - Раман
2. pre-eminent- выдающийся, превосходящий других
3. the Civil Service - государственная служба
4. to appoint to a position - назначить на должность
5. to testify to - свидетельствовать о
6. to occupy the chair - возглавлять кафедру, заведовать кафедрой
7. brought - зд. привлёк
8. to emerge - зд. проявить себя.
Ch. Raman1(1888-1970)
1. Raman was an Indian Physicist, pre-eminent1 in molecular spectroscopy and
acoustics. He created the Indian Academy of sciences in 1934 and was its president
until his death in 1970. He was justly considered the father of Indian science and the
Indian Government honored him with the first of its National Professorships. In 1957 he
became an International Peace Prize Winner.
2. The son of a teacher and lecturer, Raman entered the College in Madras in 1903
and achieved the highest distinctions in the examinations for scientific degrees. As
scientific research was at this time almost completely neglected in India, he then
entered the CivilService3 and was appointed to a position in the Finance Department in
1907. He retained this employment for ten years, mostly in Calcutta. When he was
eighteen years old he published his first original optical research in the "Philosophical
Magazine". He continued scientific work in his spare time: some thirty papers testified
to5 his ability and energy and helped to make his name familiar to scientists in Europe
and America.
3. In 1917 Raman was offered the professorship of physics at the Calcutta University.
He occupied the chair6 from1917 to 1933. Raman brought7 to Calcutta many talented
young Indians to undertake research into optical phenomena, acoustics and other
branches of physics.
4. During the years in Calcutta Raman Emerged8 as a truly international figure. In 1930
he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (for his work on the discovery of the effect
named after him). Raman was honored by universities and scientific institutions in
Russia, Europe and America as well as in his own country.
V. Прочитайте 1 и 4 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.
1. What was Raman?
2. What did he create?
3. Was he considered the father of Indian science?
4. What was he awarded the Nobel Prize for?
5. What universities and institutions honored him?
Вариант 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол- сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод
пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day. 2. Astronomers find that the day is increasing by 0.002 seconds each century.
б) 1. As a rule one great discovery is generally followed by numerous others.
2. We were shown a new alloy, which will be used, in modern technology.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и
установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением,
обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на
русский
1.Matter consists of one or a number of basic elements occurring in nature.
2.One can use several modern devices while detecting and measuring radioactivity.
3.When heated to a certain temperature this alloy increases in volume.
4.This cloud chamber (камера Вильсона) is one of the devices used to detect the
presence of radioactivity.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский
язык.
1. A computer can solve complicated problems many times faster than a
mathematician.
2. A new type of plastics had to be obtained for space technology.
3. To measure the vast distances between different planets scientists have to use
special instruments.
4. The nuclear-rocket engine should be thermally efficient.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. Powell - Пауэлл
2. particle physics - физика элементарных частиц
3. the Pugwush Conferences - Пагуошские конференции
4. were determined - были полны решимости
5. won a scholarship - получил (по конкурсу) стипендию
6. position - должность
7. sub-nuclear particle - субъядерная частица.
C.F.Powell1(1903-1969)
1. Powel was a prominent English scientist noted for his techniques and discoveries in
particle physics2. He was also deeply concerned with problems relating to the social
responsibility of scientists. Powell was a leader in the World Federation of Scientific
Workers in the mid-1950's and was a founder of the Pugwish Conferences3 on Science
and World Affairs in 1957. As a public man and in his published articles Powell stressed
the perils of destructive weapons and the need for international cooperation.
2. Powell was born in December 1903 in England. His parents were poor and they
were determined4 to give their children a good education to increase their opportunities
for a better life. In 1921 Powell won a scholarship5 of one of the colleges at Cambridge
which he graduated in 1925 with first-class honors in science. He started his scientific