3. During World War II Los Angeles became an important center of the aviation industry
and started developing on a gigantic scale. Thousands of newly-built plants discharged
smoke, microscopic dust, gases and chemicals. And this smog caused a daylight dim-
out3 one day-September 8,1943.
4. Los Angeles of our days is the nation's third most populous city with over 3 million
inhabitants in the city itself and about 8 million in the whole metropolitan area. It has one
of the largest urban territories in the world. Almost all of this vast area is covered by
single -family housing units4, oil derricks6 and industrial complexes. Los Angeles is the
most "one-storied' city of the large American cities. Even in the central part there are
comparatively few multistoried apartment houses and high-rise buildings.
Characteristically, Los Angeles has the heaviest per capita concentration of automobiles
in the world and is famous for its vast system of freeways6 radiating from the center to
outlying7 areas.
5. Thousands of tourists are especially attracted by Disneyland, the children's fairy-tale
park, opened in 1955 and the Hollywood Bowl, a gigantic open-air cinema theatre which
every summer houses national musical festivals and where the highest film awards-the
Oscars- are presented to film stars and producers.
VII. Прочитайте 2,3 и 5 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.
1. What industry was developed in the 1920-s?
2. What made Los Angeles the "garden spot" of the United States?
3. What happened on September 8,1943?
4. What was the reason of the daylight dim-out?
5. What is Los Angeles famous for?
Вариант 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного,
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец
выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The sun rises in the East.
2. Mr. Hall delivers lectures to the students of a technical college.
3. Mazda, Japan's fourth biggest car-maker plans to produce 1500000 cars in Europe.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на
особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем
существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. The scientists developed new synthetic rubber products.
2. Japan holds the lead in the world in robot production.
3.The first generation robots appeared in 1960.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы фавнения
и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Automatic devices make labour safer and easier.
2. The higher we go into the atmosphere, the thinner the air becomes.
3. Wall-Street is one of the oldest and shortest streets in New-York.
IV Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод оборота there + be и неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений
1. There is a tradition in England to hold a rally in which only the oldest cars take part.
2. Even in the central part of Los Angeles there are comparatively few multistoried
apartment houses and high-rise buildings.
3. There are many houses in the southern regions of our country, which use solar heaters.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные
формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский
язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. Washington is the capital of the United States of America.
2. Before the Civil War Washington grew rather slowly.
3. They will finish their work tomorrow.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1 по 3 абзацы текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту:
1.influx- приток, наплыв
2.embarkation- погрузка
3.the Pacific- Тихий океан
4.the United Nations Charter- Устав ООН
5.vista- аллея
6.ornate- витиеватый
San Francisco
1 .San Francisco was founded by the Spanish in 1776 but it received its present name only in 1847 when, after the Mexican war, the whole California passed to the United States. With the beginning of the famous "gold rush" of 1848 thousands of fortune-seekers and adventurers flooded the area and the population of San Francisco grew up to 50,00. The steady influx1 of immigrants from over the world never ceased so that now San Francisco is the most cosmopolitan place in America. Usually the newcomers from one country settled together. In 1906 a terrible earthquake almost completely destroyed the city, but soon it was rebuilt and continued to expand. Another powerful earthquake took place in the fall of 1989 but this time the destructions were minimal due to earthquake-proof construction of buildings. During World War II the city was the major supply and embarkation2 port for the struggle in the Pacific3. The United Nations Charter4 was drafted here in 1945.
2. Today San Francisco is an important financial center of the West. The major
industries include food-processing, ship-building, oil-refining and the manufacture of
metal products and chemicals. It is also an important cultural center with numerous
educational establishments, publishing firms, museums and theaters with symphony,
opera and ballet production.
3. Situated along the San Francisco Bay and among the steep hills which give the
whole urban skyline a picturesque effect, San Francisco is a colorful city of the lovely
vistas5, beautiful bridges (among these the famous Golden gate Bridge with a 4,200 -
meter span), richly decorated private mansions and imposing public buildings. Among
the many tourist attraction first and foremost is Chinatown with its ornate6 Oriental
architecture - the largest Chinese community outside China. One of its striking features
is that on the street - level it consists almost entirely of shops with dwelling-rooms
above or below.
VII. Прочитайте З абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.
1. Where is San Francisco situated?
2. What is the most famous bridge of San Francisco?
3. What is Chinatown?
4. What does Chinatown consist of?
5. What are dwelling-rooms situated?
Контрольное задание №2
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Видовременные формы глагола:
А) активный залог- формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); Б) пассивный залог- формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (can, may, must)
3. Простые неличные формы глагола Participle I, Participle II в функции
определения и обстоятельства. Gerund - герундий, простые формы.
Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I)
a) Lobachevsky's geometry had а) Геометрия Лобачевского произвела
revolutionized mathematics and the коренное изменение в математике и
philosophy of science. философии науки.
had revolutionized - Past Perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize
6)These data are often referred to. б) На эти данные часто ссылаются,
are referred to - Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to refer to.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)
1 The changes affecting the Изменения, влияющие на состав
composition of materials are called материалов, называются химическими
chemical changes. изменениями.
Affecting - Participle I, определение.
Called - Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to call.
2.When heated to the boiling Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она point water evaporates. испаряется. (При нагревании до точки кипения вода
испаряется).
(When) heated- Participle II, обстоятельство.
Вариант 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-
сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите
предложения на русский язык В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод
пассивных конструкций.
а.)1. Radio astronomy has given mankind efficient means for penetration into space.
2. The liquid in the tube is boiling.
6.)1. Becquerel's discovery was followed by an intensive research work of Marie and Pierre Curie.
2. Heat energy is transmitted in two different ways.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и
установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением,
обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
1. Nylon was the first synthetic fiber used in clothing.
2. The atoms forming our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and
ordinary neutrons.
3. This kind of treatment when used makes the metals heat-resistant.
4. When passing through an electroscope, X-rays cause its discharge.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.
2. They could easily define the properties of this material.
3. The lecture is to begin at 6 o'clock.
4. Atoms should serve mankind.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 2-й и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. Herman Helmholtz- Герман Гельмгольц.
2. celebrated- знаменитый, прославленный.
3. ophthalmoscope- офтальмоскоп.
4. color-blindness- дальтонизм, неспособность глаза различать некоторые цвета. :
5. through- из-за, благодаря.
6. vortex motion- вихревое движение.
7. versatile- разносторонний, многосторонний.
8. ultimately- в конечном счёте, в конце концов.
Herman Helmholtz1(1821-1894)
1. Herman Helmholtz is celebrated2 for his contributions to physiology and theoretical
physics. A delicate child, Helmholtz early displayed a passion for understanding things,
but otherwise developed slowly, and had no marked early talent for mathematics.
Although he wished to study physics, he was persuaded by his father to take up the
study of medicine, entering the Medical Institute at Berlin in 1838.
2. His researches into physiological optics began about 1850 with the discovery of the
ophthalmoscope3, followed by investigations into colour, including the problem of
colour-blindness4. He also made fundamental contribution to the understanding of the
structure and mechanism of human eye.
3. Helmholtz's first and most celebrated paper in theoretical physics was his article on
the conservation of forse. In this paper he proved the conservation of total energy of a
system of particles which were interacting through5 central forces depending only on the
masses and separations of the particles. Other important work in theoretical physics
included famous paper on vortex motion6 and the application of the principle of least
action to electro dynamical problems.
4. Helmholtz was undoubtedly the most versatile7 of nineteenth-century scientists.
From 1871 onwards he was perhaps more famous as a theoretical physicist than as a
physiologist. But it seems probable that apart from his work on the conservation of
energy he will ultimately8 be remembered more for his epoch-making researches in
physiological optics and acoustics in which his talents as physiologist, physicist,
mathematician and experimentalist of genius were most vividly displayed.
V. Прочитайте 1 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is Herman Helmholtz celebrated for?
2. What did he early display a passion for?
3. Did he have marked early talent for mathematics?
4. What did his father persuade him to study? 5. Where did he study?
Вариант 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. а).1. Today scientists are still looking for the substances as a source of energy.
2. The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to discovering
new elements. 6).1. The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors.
2. We were told about the pyramids of Egypt most of which were constructed about 6.000 years ago.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и
установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением,
обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
1. While absorbing the energy of cosmic rays the upper atmosphere becomes
radioactive.
2. Unless properly treated the metal must not be applied for space technology
3. A body moving with a certain velocity carries within itself the kinetic energy of motion.
4. Elements placed by Mendeleyev in the same vertical column have similar properties.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквиваленты Переведите предложения на русский
язык.