Manuring. With all crops it is essential to ensure that adequate supplies of phosphate and potash are available during the first few weeks of growth. Once observed it is not possible to correct properly any deficiency and both of these major elements are required either in advance of drilling or they may be combine-drilled with the seed. Combine-drilling is the most economical way of applying these fertilizers, but with winter wheat time of sowing being of prime importance, the faster method of application using fertilizer spinners is more often preferred.
Harvest. Winter wheat is normally harvested from August to October (in Britain), depending on the type of summer experienced and also the geographical location. Spring wheat matures much later than winter wheat and later than the other cereals.
Following a hot, dry summer grain may be combine-harvested under very good conditions; and if the moisture does not exceed 14% then it can be stored without drying. Moisture tests can be carried out at harvest and these are often used to indicate the stage of ripeness or readiness for combining.
ВАРИАНТ 2
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy.
2. I have known this fact since our meeting.
б) 1. This lecturer is listened to with great interest.
2. The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Molecular crystals are solids constructed of molecules held together by relatively weak forces.
2. The new materials recommended for soil construction were described in the article written by our professor.
3. Having been shown the way I found the office easily.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Energy can exist in many forms and each form can be transformed into the other.
2. The computers should become an integral part of the organization of industrial processes of all types.
3. Students are not allowed to smoke in the classrooms.
4. One should agree that the experiment was of great importance for our research.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
MAIZE
Types of Maize. Several thousand varieties of maize are now grown throughout the world and most of these can be allocated to one of the seven most important groups: dent maize, flint maize, sweet corn, soft maize, popcorn, waxy maize, pod maize.
Soil Requirements. Successful maize cultivation is more frequently and more easily achieved on soils which are of medium texture.
The maize land should be free draining in order that as much of the heat as possible is employed in raising soil temperatures and not removing excess of soil moisture. The soil should be naturally free draining to enable a full rooting system to develop in a plentiful supply of oxygen.
Cultivation. Maize will require deeper ploughing, cultivations and seed-beds to obtain maximum growth. Autumn ploughing is advisable on stronger soils and it may be left until the early spring when textures are light. Cultivations which follow should be to a depth of 4-5 inches. They kill the weeds after germination; inter-row cultivation can follow crop emergence to obtain further weed control.
Sunshine and Solar Energy. Little is said and written about sunshine and solar energy requirements with this cereal. It is, however, assumed that for satisfactory growth and ripening of the crop high levels of bright sunshine are required.
Maize is quite unique in its mode of growth and extent and duration of its leaves. They grow in a manner which facilitates efficient use of radiant energy by trapping most of the sun's rays and since the duration of full leaf extends almost to grain maturity, the sun's energy can be transferred to grain yield throughout the whole life of the plant. A point close to optimum leaf area is obtained early and maintained almost to grain maturity thus making maize one of the most efficient utilizers and converters of solar energy into plant energy particularly when the whole plant is considered as the economic yield.
ВАРИАНТ 3.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. It is the car that will be the transport of the future.
2. Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and masses of bodies.
6) 1. Elements are transformed into other elements both by man and by nature.
2. The report will be improved by him by changing the end.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He heard the voices coming through the open window.
2. A balsa tree found in South America is lighter than any other.
3. Soils containing too much sand or clay are of less value in agriculture.
4. When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they were divided into nine groups.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. She can tell you everything about cattle.
2. The application of digital (цифровой) computers should include all forms of automatic control in science and industry.
3. He had much work to do yesterday.
4. The team of experts is to study the present situation in agriculture.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
OATS
Soil. The cultivation of oats may take place on a wide range of soil types with a reasonable degree of success. Oats can be found on all the light to medium soils in the higher rainfall areas and will give high yielding crops of good quality. They can also produce good crops on some of the heavier soils, clay and silts, in the drier areas of Britain where there are significant moisture reserves in the soil which can be drawn upon during a particularly dry time.
Climate. The oat crop is particularly suited to the cooler, more humid climate of the western and northern regions of Britain where growth is relatively slow and as a result the grains have plenty of time to fill out to produce good plump samples.
Seed-bed Preparation. Oats are said to be the best cereal to follow the ploughing up of grassland but this is only true if the grass is turned in timely and well, the furrow slice being properly inverted and no large air pockets left which tend to accentuate drying out.
Ploughing depths should be 6 inches except where grass or surface trash need to be buried deeper and then 8-9 inches plough depths may be required. Where early ploughing has been carried out it is often only necessary to give the land a light-medium harrowing to obtain the desired tilth in the top 3 inches of the soil.
Harvest. It has been pointed out that for straw to have additional feeding value the crop should be cut early and this will mean hindering one or two weeks before full ripeness. Very tall crops may be cut earlier than usual to make the harvesting easier and to avoid risks of late lodging and this will also apply to crops which have been undersown. Quick maturing varieties will often be cut before the rest to avoid grain losses and lodging. Some people suppose the best time to cut a good standing crop of oats is a few days before it is fully ripe. Since oats are much more prone to losing their grain by shattering than the other cereals then hindering must always be before full maturity.
ВАРИАНТ 4.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. He has forgotten his English since he graduated the Academy.
2. The problem of the structure of matter is constantly occupying the minds of many scientists.
б) 1. Fifty students were admitted to the faculty last August.
2. Many compounds can be decomposed when they are acted upon by different forms of energy.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. They reminded at home refusing to go anywhere that day.
2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.
3. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.
4. When started and completed its construction became the best.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Heat can be divided into three different types.
2. He was to stay at the office until the report was ready.
3. Chemical means had to be used for the separation of compounds into their elements.
4. The existence of this theory laser in the future may be possible.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
BARLEY
1. The first requirement in the production of any crop is to see that soil conditions are as close to the optimum as possible. Barley prefers well-drained soils, light to medium in texture with a high pH. When fertility is high and weather conditions are favourable high yielding crops of good quality are obtained.
2. When barley is grown in the wetter areas of Britain, it does best when the rainfall is below normal and when sunshine hours are higher than usual.
Low rainfall in April and early May and cool weather in May is required for high yields. High rainfall in the previous winter appeared detrimental and warm dry weather was required during ripening.
3. Winter barley is often sown after early harvested sugar beet on the lighter soils, since seed-beds can often be easily and quickly prepared for sowing in October and November. With large acreage of arable land in cereals, many crops of winter barley will go in after spring cereals. Spring barley may follow almost any other crop provided the land is not in too high a state of fertility, otherwise wide-spread lodging can result.
4. For winter barley ploughing will normally take place in September or immediately following the harvest of the previous crop, wherever possible earlier turning of the soil being recommended. Where stubble from the previous crop is to be turned in together with weed-seedlings which have germinated as a result of stubble-cleaning, then it may be necessary to plough to a depth of six inches. Barley is a relatively shallow-rooting cereal and without a great deal of material to be turned over the depth of ploughing might well be reduced to four inches.
5. The optimum depth of drilling is in the region of 1-1.5 inches. Placing the seed much deeper can result in lower field germination, an irregular emergence and plants which come through the ground in a feeble condition having used up most of the nutrients from the seed before they reach the light.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Many students come to the Academy by their own cars.
2. Laser devices will apparently make it possible to build extremely fast computer elements.
б) 1. A new experiment will be finished soon.
2. The material was looked for many scientific books.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It’s not only an efficient tool for studying the physical properties of solids.
2. Having obtained the necessary results they stopped their experimental work.
3. When translated, his article was sent to the ICC.
4. All the houses made of wood were burning like paper.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите.
1. A mechanical feeding system should be completely automatically.
2. The water that comes to the field must get to the roots of every plant.
3. The best way of keeping the bull is to have a special barn for him.
4. Man could improve the soil using and discovering more kinds of soils.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
COMMON FEEDING STUFFS AND THEIR USES
The feeding stuffs commonly used on farms can be divided into two main groups: (1) bulky foods; (2) concentrates.
Bulky foods in general contain a limited amount of nutrients in a given weight of food. They contain large quantities of either indigestible fibre or water and so a large quantity or bulk of them has to be fed to animals in order to provide a sufficiency of food nutrients.