№9 Прочитайте текст еще раз и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему:
1) Who of Russian princes did the Novgorodians respect most of all?
2) What was the structure of the Novgorod government?
3) What role did princes, boyars and archbishops play in the political life of Novgorod?
4) What ancient architectural masterpieces are well preserved today?
№10 Заполните пропуски словами из рамки:
| archbishop church architecture monastery veche metropolitan constitution |
1) A …………….. is a building in which monks live.
2) A …………….. is chief city or the capital city of a country.
3) A …………….. is a building for public worship in certain religion.
4) A ……………... is a priest of very high rank in charge of the churches in a large area.
5) ………………. is the style or manner of building.
6) ………………. is the laws and principles according to which a country is governed.
7) A ……………. is the meeting of a group of people very often for a special purpose.
№11 Прочитайте 1,5,6 абзацы текста. Заполните пропуски артиклями a, the, где необходимо, и выберите из выделенных предлогов правильный вариант и перепишите переделанные абзацы текста в тетрадь.
№1 Поставьте глагол to be в нужную форму (Present Simple, Past simple, Future Simple). Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык:
1 There …… not any bread in the house. You should go and buy some.
2 Vera …… afraid of snakes. I …… sorry.
3 My aunt …… very depressed last Sunday, because the weather ……. terrible.
4 Where …… your books now? – They ……. in my bag.
5 …… you from Moscow? – No, I …… from Tomsk.
6 …… there any milk in the jug? Should I go and buy some?
№2 Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания и предложения, употребляя притяжательный падеж (Possessive Case). Перепишите преобразованные предложения и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 The life of this woman.
2 The work of these students is interesting.
3 The handbags of these women.
4 The flat of my sister is large.
5 The computer of my son is modern.
6 Have you seen the hat of my neighbor?
7 I love the books of my husband.
8 What is the name of that man?
№3 Раскройте скобки, поставьте глаголы в нужном времени (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Past Continuous, Future Simple, Future Continuous), перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 When he (to watch) TV, the telephone (to ring).
2 I (to get hungry). Let’s go and eat.
3 When I (to be) young I (to want) to be a pilot.
4 In an hour the cinema (to be) full. Everyone (to watch) the film.
5 Last night I (to drop) a plate when I (to do) the washing.
6 Alan says he’s 80 years old, but nobody (to believe) him.
7 Nick (to think) of giving up his job.
8 Who this umbrella (to belong)?
9 I (to stay) at home till she (to come). Then we (to go) to the theatre if she (to bring) tickets.
10 Look! Kate (to go) to school.
№4 Закончите предложение, выбрав нужную часть речи: прилагательное (Adjective) или наречие (Adverb). Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 I cooked this meal …… for you, so I hope you like it. (special / specially)
2 Everything was very quiet. There was …… silence. (complete / completely)
3 I tried on the shoes and they fitted me ……. . (perfect / perfectly)
4 Do you usually feel …… before examinations? (nervous / nervously)
5 I’d like to buy a car, but it’s ……. impossible for me at the moment. (financial / financially)
№5 Выберите правильный вариант, перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык: Укажите грамматическое время, которое вы выберите (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous; Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous; Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous):
| 1 I …… the river three times before noon. (It’s morning now.) | 1 | a) have crossed b) had crossed | c) shall have crossed d) had been crossed |
| 2 You can’t see Tom now, he …… a bath. | 2 | a) is having b) has | c) have d) has had |
| 3 Many people …… he was the greatest figure skater of all time. | 3 | a) is believing b) are believing | c) believe d) believed |
| 4 The manager ……. a few minutes ago. | 4 | a) left b) leaves | c) had left d) had been leaving |
| 5 He phoned to say he …… his bag in my car. | 5 | a) forgot b) has left | c) had left d) has forgotten |
| 6 Nobody knows when it last …… in Shri-Lanka. | 6 | a) has snowed b) snowed | c) is snowing d) will snow |
| 7 …… there any news in your parent’s letter? | 7 | a) Are b) Were | c) Have d) Is |
| 8 A typist is someone who …… letters and reports. | 8 | a) types b) type | c) is typing d) are typing |
| 9 She is in the library and she ……. an article from English. | 9 | a) is translating b) has been translating | c) has translated d) translated |
| 10 I …… to talk to you now. | 10 | a) wanted b) am wanted | c) have wanted d) want |
№6 а) Вставьте недостающие формы степеней сравнения прилагательных в таблицу: сравнительную (Comparative Degree), превосходную (Superlative Degree) или положительную (Positive Degree)степени сравнения. Исправьте ошибки в образовании степеней сравнения и переведите прилагательные на русский язык:
| dangerous | |
| more young | |
| lazy | lazyest |
| the least | |
| warmer | the most warm |
| good | the goodest |
| intelligent | |
| more popular | |
| heaviest | |
| worse | the worst |
b) Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:
1 This girl was as good-looking as her sister.
2 The harder you work the more money you get.
3 Nick’s English is not so good as his friend’s.
4 Nevsky Prospect is much more beautiful than our street.
5 It is easier to swim in the sea than in the river.
6 He is as careful as his teacher.
№7 Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 This is a baby.
2 This is not a mountain.
3 It’s a herring.
4 Is that a goose?
5 This phone in the post office was out of order.
6 That boy has a good sense of humour.
7 The wolf has been shot.
8 A potato is a vegetable and a cherry is a fruit.
9 The young man put his hand in his pocket.
10 She will be a businesswoman.
1) Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt, and its …… largest seaport. Alexandria extends about 20 miles (32 km) along\about the coast of …… Mediterranean Sea in …… north-central Egypt. In\At ancient times, Alexandria was one of …… most famous cities in\at …… world. It was founded around 331 BC by …… Alexander the Great, and remained …… Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years. Alexandria was known by\for the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Library of Alexandria and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa.
2) The city of Alexandria was named after its founder, Alexander the Great, and as the seat of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt, quickly became one of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world - second only to Rome in size and wealth. However, it fell to the Arabs in 641 AD, and a new capital of Egypt, Fustat, was founded on the Nile. After Alexandria's status as the country's capital ended, it fell into a long decline, which by the late Ottoman period, had seen it reduced to little more than a small fishing village. The city was revived by Muhammad Ali as a part of his early industrialization program. The current city is Egypt's leading port, a commercial and transportation center, and the heart of a major industrial area.
3) The Library of Alexandria and its contents were destroyed in 642 during the Arab invasion. Some deny this and claim that the library was destroyed much earlier, in 3rd century, due to civil war in the time of the Roman Emperor Aurelian. The Lighthouse was destroyed by earthquakes in the 14th century, and by 1700 the city was just a small town amidst the ruins.
4) Very little of the ancient city has survived into the present day. Much of the royal and civic quarters sank beneath the harbor due to earthquake subsidence, and the rest has been rebuilt upon in modern times. "Pompey's Pillar" is the most well-known ancient monument still standing today. It is located on Alexandria's ancient acropolis a modest hill located adjacent to the city's Arab cemetery and was originally part of a temple colonnade.
5) Alexandria's catacombs, known as Kom al Sukkfa, are a short distance southwest of the pillar, consist of a multi-level labyrinth, reached via a large spiral staircase, and featuring dozens of chambers adorned with sculpted pillars, statues, and other syncretic Romano-Egyptian religious symbols, burial niches and sarcophagi. The catacombs were long forgotten by the citizens until they were discovered by accident in the 1800s.
6) Persistent efforts have been made to explore the antiquities of Alexandria. Encouragement and help have been given with\by the local Archaeological Society, and by/with many individuals, notably Greeks proud of …… city which is one of the glories of their …… national history. Other catacombs and tombs have been opened into\in Kom el-Shuqafa (Roman) and Ras et-Tin (painted). The German excavation team found remains of a Ptolemaic colonnade and streets on\in …… north-east of ……city, but little else. Hogarth explored part of …… immense brick structure under the mound of Kom el-Dika, which may have been part of/with the Paneum, the Mausolea or …… Roman fortress.
7) The wealth underground is doubtlessly immense; but despite all efforts, there is not much for antiquarians to see in Alexandria outside the museum and …… neighborhood of “Pompey's Pillar”. …… native tomb-robbers, well-sinkers, dredgers and the like, however, come upon\on …… valuable objects since\from time to time, most of which find their way in\into private collections.
№9 Прочитайте текст еще раз и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему:
1) Why the city was named Alexandria?
2) What happened to the Alexandrian celebrities- the Lighthouse and the Library?
3) What attracts the Explorers of the antiquities of Alexandria?
4) What is Alexandria like today?
№10 Заполните пропуски словами из рамки:
| glories monument library antiquities lighthouse labyrinth decline |
1) A …………….. is a building or room which contains books that may be looked at or borrowed by the public.
2) A …………….. is a building with a powerful flashing light that guides ships and warns them of dangerous rocks.
3) ……………….. are special causes for pride.
4) A ……………. is an old building or what remains of it, considered worthy of preservation for its historic interest or beauty.
5) A ……………. is a network of narrow twisting passages or paths, through which it is difficult to find one’s way.
6) A ……………. is a period when a country or a city gets near the end of its existence.
7) ………………. are buildings, works of art, ruins, remaining from the ancient world.
№11 Прочитайте 1,6,7 абзацы текста. Заполните пропуски артиклями a, the, где необходимо, и выберите из выделенных предлогов правильный вариант и перепишите переделанные абзацы текста в тетрадь
Тексты для дополнительного чтения.
Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. In its 12-century existence, Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy, to a republic based on a combination of oligarchy and democracy, to an autocratic empire. It came to dominate Western Europe and the entire area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea through conquest and assimilation.
The Roman Empire went into decline in the 5th century AD. The western part of the empire, including Hispania, Gaul, and Italy, broke into independent kingdoms in the 5th century. The eastern empire, governed from Constantinople, is usually referred to as the Byzantine Empire after 476. This is the traditional date for the "fall of Rome" and for the onset of the Early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages. Roman civilization is often grouped into "classical antiquity" with ancient Greece, a civilization that inspired much of the culture of ancient Rome. Ancient Rome contributed greatly to the development of law, war, art, literature, architecture, technology and language in the Western world, and its history continues to have a major influence on the world today.
According to legend, Rome was founded on April 21, 753 BC by twin descendants of the Trojan prince Aeneas, Romulus and Remus. The city of Rome grew from settlements around a ford on the river Tiber, a crossroads of traffic and trade. According to archaeological evidence, the village of Rome was probably founded sometime in the 8th century BC. The Etruscans, who had previously settled to the north in Etruria, seem to have established political control in the region by the late 7th century BC, forming the aristocratic and monarchial elite. The Etruscans apparently lost power in the area by the late 6th century BC, and at this point, the original Latin and Sabine tribes reinvented their government by creating a republic, with much greater restraints on the ability of rulers to exercise power.