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Социальный и человеческий капитал как факторы благосостояния и развития (стр. 30 из 32)

[36] OECD and Statistics Canada (2000), Literacy in the Informal Age: Final Report of the International Adult Literacy Survey, Paris.

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[38] Oecd (2001), Education Policy Analysis, Paris.

[39] Levy, F. and Murnane, R.J. (1999), “Are the Key Competencies Critical to Economic Success? An Economic Perspective”, Paper given at the OECD Symposium on “Definition and Selection of Competencies”, October.

[40] Blossfeld, H.P. and Shavit, Y. (1993), Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, Westview Press Inc, Colorado.

[41] Erikson, R. and Jonsson, J. (1996), “Explaining Class Inequality in Education: the Swedish Test Case”, in R.Erikson and J.O.Jonsson (eds.), Can Education Be Equalized?, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

[42] Hanushek, E.A. and Somers, J. (1999), “Schooling, Inequality and the Impact of Goernment”, Paper presented for the conference on Increasing Income Inequality in America, Texas A&M University, March.

[43] Kellaghan, T. (1999), “Educational Disadvantage An Analysis”, Paper presented at the Irish Department of Education and Science Conference of Inspectors, Killarney, 6-8 December.

[44] OECD (1999a), Education Policy Analysis, Paris.

[45] OECD and Statistics Canada (2000), International Adult Literacy Survey, Paris.

[46] Общий уровень грамотности в данных исследованиях подразумевал выявление и оценку способностей взрослых (от 16 до 65 лет) использовать информацию, поступающую в напечатанном или написанном виде. Проверялись возможности: прочесть и понять связный текст; воспринимать доклады, документы, и другие виды «несвязных» текстов; оперировать числовой информацией, например, таблицами и графиками. Грамотность оценивалась не как дихотомия «грамотный-неграмотный», а как набор измеряемых навыков.

[47] Willms, J.D. (2001), “Three Hypotheses about Community Effects”, in in J.F.Helliwell (ed.) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.

[48] Hartog, J. (1997), “On Returns to Education: Wandering along the Hills of ORU Land”, Keynote speech for the LVIIth Conference of the Applied Econometrical Association, Maastricht, May.

[49] OECD (1998), Human Capital Investment – An International Comparison, Paris.

[50] Spence, A. (1973), “Job Market Signalling”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, pp. 65-94.

[51] Green, F., Mcintosh, S. and Vignoles, A. (1999), “Overeducation and Skills – Clarifying the Concepts”, Centre for Economic Performance, Labour Market Programme Discussion Paper No. 435, London School of Economics.

[52] Boothby, D. (1999), “Literacy Skills, the Knowledge Content and Occupational Mismatch”, Applied Research Branch Research Papers, Human Resources Development Canada, August.

[53] Levy, F. and Murnane, R.J. (1999), “Are there Key competencies Critical to Economic Success? An Economic Perspective”, Paper given at the OECD Symposium on “Definition and Selection of Competencies”, October.

[54] Carliner, G. (1996), “The Wages and Language Skills of U.S. Immigrants”, NBER Working Paper No. 5793, national Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.; Rivera-Batiz, F.L. (1994), “Quantitative Literacy and the Likelihood of Employment among Young Adults in the United States”, Journal of Human Resources, Vol. XXVII, No. 2, pp. 313-328.

[55] Green, F., Ashton, D., burchell, B., Davies, B. and Felstead, A. (1997), “An Analysis of Changing Work Skills in Britain”, Paper presented at the Analysis of Low Wage Employment Conference, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, 12-13 December.

[56] См., напр.: Cappelli, P. and Rogovski, N. (1994), “New Work Systems and Skill Requirements”, International Labour Review , No. 2, pp. 205-220.

[57] Glaester,E.L. (2001), “The Formation of Social Capital”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.

[58] Hirschman, A. (1984), “Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating Economic Analysis”, American Economic Review, No. 74, pp. 88-96.

[59]AlexisdeTocqueville (1835) писал: «Американцы противостоят индивидуализму с помощью правильно понимаемого принципиального интереса», который заключается в том, что «они самодовольно показывают, как основная забота о самих себе постоянно подталкивает их к помощи друг другу и вынуждает их добровольно жертвовать часть своего времени и собственности во имя благополучия Штатов».

[60] Durkheim, E. (1893), The Division of Labor in Society, The Free Press, New York, 1984. Durkheim рассматривал общество как состоящее из «органов» (социальных фактов), или социальных структур, которые выполняют ряд функций для общества.

[61] Weber сосредоточился на индивидуумах и моделях и правилах поведения. Его интересовали действия, которые включали мыслительные процессы (и заканчивались бессмысленным результатом) между возникновением стимула и реакцией на него.

[62] Hanifan, L. (1916), “The Rural School Community Center”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, No. 67.

[63] Jacobs, J. (1961), The Life and Death of Great American Cities, Random House, New York.

[64]Loury, G. (1987), “Why Should We Care about Group Inequality?”, Social Philosophy and Policy, pp. 249-271.

[65]Coleman, J. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94 Supplement, pp. S95-120.

[66] Putnam, R. (1993), Making Democracy Work, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

[67] Fukuyama, F. (1995), Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, The Free Press, New York.

[68] Bourdieu, P. (1979), “Les trois etats du capital culturel”, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 30 (“L’institution scolaire”), pp. S.3-6. Bourdieu, P.and Passeron, J.C. (1970), Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, Sage, London.

[69] См.: Nan Lin, Karen Cook, Ronald S. Burt. Social Capital: Theory and Research. 2001 Walter de Gruyter, Inc. p.5.

[70] Fukuyama, F. (1999), The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order, The Free Press, New York.

[71] Glaester,E.L. (2001), “The Formation of Social Capital”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.

[72] Abramovitz, M. and David, P. (1996), “Convergence and Deferred Catch-up: Productivity Leadership and th Waning of American Exceptionalism”, in R. Landay, T.Taylor and G.Wright (eds.), The Music of Economic Growth, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.; Omori, T. (2001), “Balancing Economic Growth with Well-being: Implication of the Japanese Experience”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.; Hall, R. and Jones, C. (1999), “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, February, Vol. 114, pp. 83-116.; Temple, J. and Johnson, P. (1998), “Social Capability and Economic Growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, pp. 965-988.

[73] Putnam, R. (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon Schuster, New York.; Woolcock, M. (2001), “The Place of Social Capital in Understanding Social and Economic Outcomes”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.; Knack, S. (1999), “Social Capital, Growth and Poverty: A Survey of Cross-Country Evidence”, Social Capital Initiative, Working Paper No. 7, World Bank.

[74] Coleman, J.S. (1990), The Foundations of Social Theory, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, p. 317.

[75] Woolcock, M. (1999), “Social Capital: The State of the Notion”, Paper presented at a multidisciplinary seminar on Social Capital: Global and Local Perspectives, Helsinki, April 15.

[76] Knack, S. (1999), “Social Capital, Growth and Poverty: A Survey of Cross-Country Evidence”, Social Capital Initiative, Working Paper No. 7, World Bank; Portes, A. and Landolt, P. (1996), “The Downside to Social Capital”, The American Prospect, No. 26, pp. 18-21, 94, May-June.

[77] Olson, M. (1982), The Rise and Decline of Nations, Yale University Press, New Haven; Knack, S. (1999), “Social Capital, Growth and Poverty: A Survey of Cross-Country Evidence”, Social Capital Initiative, Working Paper No. 7, World Bank..

[78] Kern, H. (1998), “Lack of Trust, Surfeit of Trust: Some Causes of the Innovation Crisis in Germany Industry”, in C.Land and R.Bachmann (eds.), Trust within and between Organizations, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 203-213; Uzzi, B. (1997), “Social Structure and Competition in Inter-firm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), pp. 35-67.

[79] Putnam, R. (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon Schuster, New York.

[80] Narayan, D. and Pritchett, L. (1998), “Cents and Sociability: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, World Bank, Washington.

[81] Cox, E. and Macdonald, D. (2000), “Making Social Capital “, a Discussion paper, New South Wales Council of Social Service; Schuller, T., Bynner, J., Green, A., Blackwell, L., Hammond, C. and

Preston, J. (2001), “Modelling and Measuring the Wider Benefits of Learning: An Initial Synthesis”, Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning Institute of Education/Birkbeck College

[82] Galland, O. (1999), “Les Relations de Confiance”, La Revue Tocqueville, The Tocqueville Review, Vol. XX, No. 1.

[83] Knack, S. and Keefer, P. (1997), “Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 112 (4), pp. 1251-1288.

[84] Coleman, J.S. (1990), The Foundations of Social Theory, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, p. 317; Bourdieu, P., (1985), “The Forms of the Capital”, in J.E.Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory of Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood Press, New York, pp. 241-258; (1979), “Les trois etats du capital culturel”, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 30 (“L’institution scolaire”), pp. S.3-6.

[85] Coleman, J. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, Supplement, pp. S95-120; Coleman, J.S. (1990), The Foundations of Social Theory, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, p. 317

[86] Glaester, E.L. (2001), “The Formation of Social Capital”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.

[87] Mclanahan, S. and Sandefur, G.D. (1994), Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Hao, L. (1994), Kin Support, Welfare, and Out-of-Wedlock Mothers, Garland, New York.

[88] Biblartz, T., Raftery, A. and Bucur, A. (1997),”Family Structure and Social Mobility”, Social Forces, Vol. 75(4), pp. 1319-1339; Simons, R. (1996), Understanding Differences Between Divorced and Intact Families: Stress, Interaction and Child Outcome, Thousands Oakes, CA, Sage.

[89] Данное определение используется Мировым Банком, напр. в: www.worldbank.org/poverty/scapital/sources/civil1.htm

[90] Putnam, R. (1993), Making Democracy Work, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

[91]Moore, G. (1990), “Structural Determinants of Men’s and Women’s Personal Networks”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 55, October.

[92] Amato, P. (1998), “More than Money? Men’s Contributions to their Children’s Lives”, in A.Booth and A. Creuter (eds.), Men in Families: When do they get involved? What difference does it make?, Lawrence Erlbaum New Jersey, Chapter 13.

[93] Picciotto, R. (1998), “Gender and Social Capital”, Presentation at the Gender and Development Workshop, World Bank, April.

[94] Geertz, C. (1962), Social Change and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns: A Case in Point, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis.

[95] Abrams, P. and Bulmer, M. (1986), Neighbours, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

[96] OECD (1998), Human Capital Investment – An International Comparison, Paris.

[97] Krueger, A. and Lindahl, M. (1999), “Education for Growth in Sweden and the World”, NBER Working Paper No. 7190.

[98]Raudenbush, S.W. and Kasim, R.M. (1998), “Cognitive Skill and Economic Inequality: Findings from the National Adult Literacy Survey”’ Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 68 (1), pp. 33-79.

[99] Bynner, J., Mcintosh, S., Vignoles, A., Dearden,L., Reed, H. and Van Reenen, J. (2001), Wider Benefits of Learning Improving Adult Basic Skills: Benefits to the Individual and to Society, Report prepared for the Department for Education and Employment (UK), DfEE Wider Benefits of Learning Research Centre, Institute of Education, London University, the Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and the Institute for Fiscal Studies.

[100] OECD and Statistics Canada (2000), International Adult Literacy Survey, Paris.